Rig Veda 3.7.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 7, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.7

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional for RV 3.7)

Devata: Agni (as lord/knower and arranger of powers), with implicit aiding powers (feminine plurals)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ सीमरोहत्सुयमा भवन्तीः पतिश्चिकित्वान्रयिविद्रयीणाम् । प्र नीलपृष्ठो अतसस्य धासेस्ता अवासयत्पुरुधप्रतीकः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.7.3

Transliteration

ā́ sīm árohat suyámā bhávantīḥ pátiś cikitvā́n rayivíd rayīṇā́m | prá nī́lapṛṣṭho atásasya dhāsés tā́ avāsayat purudhápratīkaḥ ||

Translation

They have mounted—becoming well-guided—while the lord, the conscious knower, the finder of plenitudes, takes the lead. The dark-backed one of the woven substance sets them to their stations, he of many forms: he arranges the powers for the working of the inner rite.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards; hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga) / ā (nipāta)

• सीम्: indeed; just; straightway
• सीम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सीम् (nipāta)

• अरोहत्: mounted; rose up
• अरोहत्: Kartā (with implied subject) / verbal predicate
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुह् (रुहँ) ‘to rise, mount’

• सुयमा: well-guided; well-reined
• सुयमा: Kartā (agreeing with feminine plural subject) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + यम (prātipadika: सुयम- ‘well-guided/with good reins’)

• भवन्तीः: becoming; being
• भवन्तीः: Kartā (as participial predicate of the subject) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: √भू (भू) → present participle ‘भवन्त्’

• पतिः: lord; husband; master
• पतिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति- (prātipadika)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (avyaya)

• चिकित्वान्: wise; discerning
• चिकित्वान्: Kartā (apposition to पतिः) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: √चित् (चिती) ‘to perceive, notice, understand’ → perfect participle ‘चिकित्वांस्’

• रयिवित्: finder of wealth
• रयिवित्: Kartā (apposition to पतिः) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Noun (agentive)
• Root: रयि- ‘wealth’ + √विद् (विदँ) ‘to know/find’ → -वित् ‘finder/knower’

• रयीणाम्: of riches; of wealth
• रयीणाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (genitive relation to रयिवित्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रयि- (prātipadika)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/nipāta)

• नीलपृष्ठः: dark-backed; having a dark back
• नीलपृष्ठः: Kartā (subject of following verb) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Noun/Adjective (bahuvrīhi/tatpuruṣa usage)
• Root: नील- ‘dark/blue’ + पृष्ठ- ‘back’ (compound)

• अतसस्य: of flax
• अतसस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (with धासेः/धासे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतस्- (prātipadika) ‘flax’

• धासेः: of the portion; of the distribution/food
• धासेः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: धासि-/धास- (prātipadika) ‘portion; distribution; offering/food’ (Vedic)

• ताः: them
• ताः: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāman)

• अवासयत्: caused (them) to settle; brought down
• अवासयत्: Kriyā (with Kartā = नीलपृष्ठः; Karma = ताः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava- + √सि/√सा? (causative of √वस्/√वास ‘to dwell/settle’ used as ‘to cause to settle/bring down’; Vedic usage)

• पुरुधप्रतीकः: of many forms; many-faced
• पुरुधप्रतीकः: Kartā (apposition/epithet of subject) / viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरुधा (avyaya ‘in many ways/much’) + प्रतीक- ‘appearance, form, face’ (compound)