Varaha Purana 86.44: Adhyaya 86, Shloka 44

Description of Śākadvīpa and Kuśadvīpa

Cosmographic Geography

Devanagari script

तृतीया पित्रा नाम सैव कृष्णा भण्यते ।

Sanskrit recitationVaraha Purana 86.44

Transliteration

tṛtīyā pitrā nāma saiva kṛṣṇā bhaṇyate

Translation

Yang ketiga bernama Pitrā; sungai yang sama itu juga disebut Kṛṣṇā.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• तृतीया: the third
• तृतीया: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तृतीया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (ordinal adjective)

• पित्रा: by the father
• पित्रा: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument/Agentive means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)

• नाम: by name / called
• नाम: सम्बन्ध/नामनिर्देश (Naming marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; नाम-शब्दः (quotative/marker of naming: 'by name/as')

• सा: she
• सा: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• एव: indeed / just
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• कृष्णा: Kṛṣṇā (name)
• कृष्णा: समानााधिकरण/नाम (Appositive name)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्णा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); नाम (proper name)

• भण्यते: is called / is said
• भण्यते: क्रिया (Verb; passive predication)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भण् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada); कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

Speaker

Varāha

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Hydrography
• Ancient Toponyms

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It provides variant hydronyms (Pitrā/Kṛṣṇā), supporting cross-text comparison with other Purāṇas and regional river traditions.

Which geographic location is identified?

A river with two names: Pitrā and Kṛṣṇā; this alone is insufficient to equate it confidently with a specific modern river.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

No explicit ethical teaching; it is a classificatory statement.