Varaha Purana 203.39: Adhyaya 203, Shloka 39

Enumeration and Description of Classes of Sins and Their Consequences

Devanagari script

इतयो यत्र देशेषु लुब्धेषु नगरेषु च ॥ क्षयाः कालोपसर्गा वा जायन्ते तत्र ते नराः

Sanskrit recitationVaraha Purana 203.39

Transliteration

itayo yatra deśeṣu lubdheṣu nagareṣu ca || kṣayāḥ kālopasargā vā jāyante tatra te narāḥ

Translation

Di negeri-negeri dan di kota-kota yang terdapat itayaḥ (gangguan/permusuhan) serta ketamakan, di sana timbul kebinasaan atau bencana yang datang oleh putaran waktu; di sanalah orang-orang itu dilahirkan.

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Word by Word

• itayaḥ: such (states/afflictions)
• itayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: iti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana (Plural); rare/uncertain word (possibly 'itayaḥ' = 'such (conditions)' or a class-name)

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; deśa-vācaka (where)

• deśeṣu: in regions
• deśeṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/7th), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• lubdheṣu: greedy/covetous
• lubdheṣu: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: lubdha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/7th), Bahuvacana (Plural); adjective qualifying deśeṣu/nagareṣu

• nagareṣu: in cities
• nagareṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nagara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga (Neuter), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/7th), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; samuccaya (conjunction)

• kṣayāḥ: destructions/declines
• kṣayāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• kāla-upasargāḥ: calamities due to time
• kāla-upasargāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक) + upasarga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana (Plural); tatpuruṣa: kālasya upasargāḥ

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; vikalpa (disjunctive particle: or)

• jāyante: arise/are born
• jāyante: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jan (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Bahuvacana (Plural), Ātmanepada

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; deśa-vācaka (there)

• te: those
• te: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• narāḥ: men/people
• narāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Bahuvacana (Plural); apposition to te

Speaker

Varāha (default dialogue framework: instructor to Pṛthivī)

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Ethics
• Ancient Urbanism
• Historical Sociology

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It links moral conditions (greed) with civic instability and calamity, reflecting Purāṇic moral sociology of cities and regions.

Which geographic location is identified?

No named geography is provided; the verse speaks generically of regions and cities.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

Greed and social hostility are portrayed as correlates of decline and disaster; the implied instruction is to cultivate ethical restraint to avoid societal breakdown.