Rig Veda 8.80.3: Mandala 8, Sukta 80, Mantra 3
Sukta 8.80
Devata: Indra
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
किमङ्ग रध्रचोदनः सुन्वानस्यावितेदसि । कुवित्स्विन्द्र णः शकः ॥
Transliteration
kím aṅga radhra-códanaḥ sunvānásyāvitéd asi | kúvit sv indra ṇaḥ śákaḥ ||
Translation
Mengapa, wahai penggerak yang menentang kebengkokan, Engkau tidak nyata menjadi penolong bagi dia yang memerah Soma? Akankah sungguh, wahai Indra, Engkau berdaya bagi kami—menjadikan kuasa-Mu pertolongan yang berkesan?
Word by Word
किम्what?
किम्:
Karma (प्रश्नार्थे—‘किम्?’)
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् (प्रश्न-सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
अङ्गindeed, pray
अङ्ग:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअङ्ग (निपात)
रध्रचोदनःthe impeller of the needy/weak (epithet)
रध्रचोदनः:
Kartā/सम्बोधन-सम्बन्ध (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootरध्र-चोदन (समास-प्रातिपदिक; ‘रध्र’ + ‘चोदन’)
सुन्वानस्यof the Soma-pressing (worshipper)
सुन्वानस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the Soma-presser’)
TypeParticiple (adjectival)
Rootसु (धातु ‘to press (Soma)’) → सुन्वान (वर्तमान कृदन्त, शतृ) + षष्ठी
अवितेO protector
अविते:
सम्बोधन (address to Indra as protector)
TypeNoun (agent)
Rootअवि (धातु ‘to protect’) → अवितृ (agent noun) → अविते
असिyou are
असि:
— (copula)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु ‘to be’)
कुवित्whether indeed? perhaps?
कुवित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकु + वित् (निपात; संशय/प्रश्नार्थ)
स्वित्pray, I wonder
स्वित्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित् (निपात; प्रश्न/संशय-प्रबलक)
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःto us, for us / of us
नः:
सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (to us / for us)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
शकःcan you? are you able?
शकः:
—
TypeVerb
Rootशक् (धातु ‘to be able’) → शक (2nd sg. injunctive/optative-type Vedic form)
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