Rig Veda 5.54.3: Mandala 5, Sukta 54, Mantra 3

Sukta 5.54

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (attributed for RV 5.54 as a whole)

Devata: Maruts (storm-host; dynamic powers allied to Indra)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 5.54; verse-length and cadence align with triṣṭubh norms)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

विद्युन्महसो नरो अश्मदिद्यवो वातत्विषो मरुतः पर्वतच्युतः । अब्दया चिन्मुहुरा ह्रादुनीवृतः स्तनयदमा रभसा उदोजसः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.54.3

Transliteration

vidyún-mahasaḥ naraḥ aśma-didyavaḥ vā́ta-tviṣaḥ marútaḥ párvata-cyutaḥ | abdáyā cit múhur ā́ hrāduní-vṛtaḥ stanáyad-amā́ rabhasā́ úd-ojasaḥ ||

Translation

Wahai Marut, para wira bercahaya dari keluasan kilat—yang memercikkan batu, menyala oleh angin, yang menggelincirkan gunung dari ketetapannya; berulang-ulang, bahkan di atas perairan, kamu datang terselubung dalam gemuruh yang bergulung, menggelegar dari dekat, ganas, meluap naik dalam daya.

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Word by Word

• विद्युत्: lightning
• विद्युत्: विशेष्य (उपमान) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्ध (उपमा-निर्देश)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्युत्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘lightning’)

• महसः: of might / of greatness
• महसः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of might’
• Type: Noun
• Root: महस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness, might’)

• न: like, as
• न: सम्बन्ध-निर्देशक (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• नरः: men, heroes
• नरः: कर्तृ (वर्ण्य-समूहः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘man, hero’)

• अश्मदिद्यवः: stone-flashing / flashing like stone (i.e., with hard, bright flashes)
• अश्मदिद्यवः: विशेषण (नरः/मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: अश्मन्- + दिद्यु- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘stone’ + ‘shining/flash’)

• वातत्विषः: wind-impetuous / having the force (or brilliance) of wind
• वातत्विषः: विशेषण (नरः/मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: वात- + त्विष्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wind’ + ‘glow, brilliance, impetuous force’)

• मरुतः: the Maruts
• मरुतः: कर्तृ (मुख्यः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मरुत्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘Marut’)

• पर्वतच्युतः: mountain-shaking / causing mountains to slip
• पर्वतच्युतः: विशेषण (मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (compound; participial)
• Root: पर्वत- + च्युत- (√च्यु ‘to fall, slip’ क्त)

• अब्दया: with the waters / with the cloud
• अब्दया: करण (instrument) — ‘with/by the waters (cloud)’
• Type: Noun
• Root: अब्द- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘water, cloud/waters’)

• चित्: even, indeed
• चित्: अर्थ-प्रबलक (emphatic)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• मुहुः: again and again, repeatedly
• मुहुः: काल-अधिकरण (adverb of time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मुहुः (अव्यय)

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: क्रिया-विशेषक (directional/intensifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• ह्रादुनीवृतः: encompassed by roaring (sounds) / surrounded by rumbling
• ह्रादुनीवृतः: विशेषण (मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (compound; participial)
• Root: ह्रादुनी- + वृत- (√वृ ‘to cover, surround’ क्त)

• स्तनयदमा: thundering (indeed/for emphasis)
• स्तनयदमा: विशेषण (मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (kṛdanta + particle)
• Root: स्तनयद्- (√स्तन्/स्तनय् ‘to thunder’ शतृ/वर्तमान-कृदन्त) + मा (अव्यय/पदपूरण)

• रभसाः: impetuous, violent
• रभसाः: विशेषण (मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रभस- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘impetuous, violent, swift’)

• उदोजसः: of upsurging strength / with exalted vigor
• उदोजसः: विशेषण (मरुतः)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: उत्- + ओजस्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, vigor’)