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Arthashastra 3.4.28: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 4, Sutra 28

ब्राह्मणमधीयानं दशवर्षाण्यप्रजाता द्वादश प्रजाता राजपुरुषमायुःक्षयादाकाङ्क्षेत ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.4.28

brāhmaṇam adhīyānaṃ daśavarṣāṇy aprajātā dvādaśa prajātā rājapuruṣam āyuḥkṣayād ākāṅkṣeta

Jika suami ialah seorang Brahmin yang tekun belajar, isteri yang tidak mempunyai anak hendaklah menunggu sepuluh tahun; jika mempunyai anak, dua belas tahun. Jika (suami itu) seorang pegawai/khadam diraja, dia hendaklah menunggu sehingga tamat tempoh khidmatnya (iaitu sehingga habis tempoh lantikan yang ditetapkan).

ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin (person of the Brahmin class)
ब्राह्मणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया (कर्मपद)
अधीयानम्studying; engaged in Vedic study
अधीयानम्:
TypeParticiple
Rootअधि-इ (अधी- √इ)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्); पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया; ‘ब्राह्मणम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
दशten
दश:
TypeNumeral
Rootदश
Formसंख्यावाचक; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (वर्षाणि इत्यनेन सह)
वर्षाणिyears (for a period of time)
वर्षाणि:
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; द्वितीया (कालपरिमाण-द्वितीया)
अप्रजातःchildless; without progeny
अप्रजातः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्रजात
Formनञ्-समासान्त/उपसर्गयुक्त विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; (ब्राह्मणः) इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeNumeral
Rootद्वादश
Formसंख्यावाचक; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (वर्षाणि इत्यनेन सह)
प्रजातःhaving progeny; with children
प्रजातः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-जात
Formकृदन्त-निष्पन्न विशेषण (√जन्/√जॄ ‘to be born’); पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; (ब्राह्मणः) इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
राजपुरुषम्a royal officer; king’s man
राजपुरुषम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजपुरुष
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया (कर्मपद); ‘राज्ञः पुरुषः’
आयुःक्षयात्from (fear of) loss of life; due to shortening of lifespan
आयुःक्षयात्:
TypeNoun
Rootआयुः-क्षय
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; पञ्चमी (हेतौ/अपादाने); ‘आयुषः क्षयः’
आकाङ्क्षेतshould desire/seek
आकाङ्क्षेत:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√काङ्क्ष्
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन
B
Brāhmaṇa
R
rājapuruṣa (royal servant)

FAQs

It encodes administrative priorities: protected absence for sanctioned roles (study/service), while still setting definite time-limits to prevent indefinite suspension of a woman’s legal and economic agency.

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