Valmiki Ramayana 6.21.4: Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 21, Shloka 4

सागरप्रतीक्षा-क्रोधप्रादुर्भावः

Rama’s Vigil at the Ocean and the Rise of Wrath

Setting: Palace

Devanagari script

चन्दनागुरुभिश्चैवपुरस्तादधिवासितम् ।

बालसूर्यप्रकाशैश्चन्दनैरुपशोभितम् ॥४॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 6.21.4

Transliteration

candanāgurubhiś caiva purastād adhivāsitam |

bālasūryaprakāśaiḥ candanair upaśobhitam ||4||

Translation

ಹಿಂದೆ ಅದು ಚಂದನ ಮತ್ತು ಅಗರುವಿನ ಸುಗಂಧದಿಂದ ಸುವಾಸಿತವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಉದಯಸೂರ್ಯನ ಪ್ರಕಾಶದಂತೆ ದೀಪ್ತಿಯಾದ ಚಂದನಲೇಪದಿಂದ ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟು ಶೋಭಿಸಿತ್ತು.

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Word by Word

• चन्दनागुरुभिः: with sandalwood and agaru
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्दन + अगुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (समाहारद्वन्द्व), तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन
• Role: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Compound: Dvandva

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चयार्थक-निपात)
• Role: समुच्चय (Conjunction/समुच्चय)

• एव: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (अवधारण-निपात)
• Role: निपात (Particle/निपात)

• पुरस्तात्: in front; beforehand
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (देश/कालवाचक)
• Role: देश/कालाधिकरण (Adverbial locative sense/अधिकरण)

• अधिवासितम्: perfumed/scented
• Type: Verb
• Root: अधि + वास् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘सुगन्धितम्/वासितम्’
• Role: कर्म (Object/कर्म)

• बालसूर्यप्रकाशैः: with the radiance of the rising sun
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाल + सूर्य + प्रकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘बालस्य सूर्यस्य प्रकाशः’
• Role: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

• चन्दनैः: with sandalwood (paste)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन
• Role: करण (Instrument/करण)

• उपशोभितम्: adorned/beautified
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + शुभ् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘सुशोभितम्’
• Role: कर्म (Object/कर्म)

Sandhi Notes

• चन्दनागुरुभिश्चैव = चन्दनागुरुभिः + च + एव
• प्रकाशैश्चन्दनैरुपशोभितम् = प्रकाशैः + चन्दनैः + उपशोभितम् (ः + च → श्च)

Context

The very charming shoulders, smeared with sandal paste and Agaru fragrance emitting the brilliance of the rising Sun.

The teaching

Refinement and beauty are auspicious, yet they are also fleeting—fit to be remembered without attachment.

Ethical theme

Aesthetic contemplation / non-attachment

For your practice

Use fragrance and morning light as supports for mindfulness and purity of intention (sattva-śuddhi).

Mood and themes

Rasa

Shringara (love), with Shanta (peace)

Mood

Fragrant, gentle, radiant

Themes

• Itihasa
• Maryada

Symbolism

Relationships

Cross references

Meter and recitation

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The epic’s dharma-frame contrasts prior royal ease with the coming austerity of duty; it reminds readers that worldly refinement is secondary when righteousness demands action.

What is the narrative situation?

Continuing the descriptive portrait of Rāma’s shoulders/arms, recalling their former adornment.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-mastery implied by contrast: despite past luxury, Rāma is moving toward disciplined resolve.