Rig Veda 4.40.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 40, Mantra 3

Sukta 4.40

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Dadhikrāvan

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उत स्मास्य द्रवतस्तुरण्यतः पर्णं न वेरनु वाति प्रगर्धिनः । श्येनस्येव ध्रजतो अङ्कसं परि दधिक्राव्णः सहोर्जा तरित्रतः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.40.3

Transliteration

utá smā́sya drávatas turaṇyatáḥ párṇaṃ ná vér ánu vā́ti pragardhínaḥ | śyenásyeva dhrájató aṅkásaṃ pári dadhikrā́vṇaḥ sahó ūrjá tári-trataḥ ||

Translation

Dan sungguh, ketika ia berlari dalam dorongan yang tangkas, angin mengikutinya laksana sehelai daun yang melayang, digerakkan oleh yang perkasa. Seperti bulu-sayap elang yang bergetar, daya dan kekuatan Dadhikrāvan yang agung melingkupinya ketika ia menyeberang melampaui.

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Word by Word

• उत: and, also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• स्म: indeed, just
• स्म: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म

• अस्य: of him/its
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (अस्- pronominal stem)

• द्रवतस्: of (him) running, speeding
• द्रवतस्: विशेषण (of ‘अस्य’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: द्रवत् (from √द्रु/द्रव् ‘run, flow’)

• तुरण्यतः: of (him) rushing, impetuous
• तुरण्यतः: विशेषण (of ‘अस्य’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: तुरण्यत् (from √तुर् ‘hasten, overcome’)

• पर्णम्: a leaf, wing-feather
• पर्णम्: उपमान (in simile with ‘न’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर्ण

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• वेर्: away, aside
• वेर्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वेर् (Vedic form; adverbial/particle, ‘apart/away’)

• अनु: along, after
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु

• वाति: blows
• वाति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वा (वाति)

• प्रगर्धिनः: the eager/impetuous one (wind)
• प्रगर्धिनः: कर्तृ (agent of वाति)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: प्र-गर्धिन् (from √गर्ध् ‘be eager/greedy, desire’)

• श्येनस्य: of an eagle/falcon
• श्येनस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive in simile)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्येन

• इव: like
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• ध्रजतः: of (one) quivering, vibrating
• ध्रजतः: विशेषण (of ‘श्येनस्य’)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: ध्रजत् (from √ध्रज्/ध्रञ्ज् ‘shake, quiver’)

• अङ्कसम्: hook, bend; (here) curved part/turn
• अङ्कसम्: कर्म (object with ‘परि’ + implied motion/placement)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्कस

• परि: around
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• दधिक्राव्णः: of Dadhikrāvan (the divine steed)
• दधिक्राव्णः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दधिक्रावन् (proper name)

• सहः: might, force
• सहः: कर्म/विशेष्य (with ‘ऊर्जा’ as coordinate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्

• ऊर्जा: with vigor, by strength
• ऊर्जा: करण (means: ‘with vigor/strength’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्ज्/ऊर्जा

• तरित्रतः: from/than the overcomer, the crosser
• तरित्रतः: अपादान (source/point of comparison: ‘from/than the crosser’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: तरित्र (from √तॄ ‘cross, overcome’)