Varaha Purana 113.43: Adhyaya 113, Shloka 43

Hymn to Varāha and Pṛthivī’s Inquiry

Prelude to the Sanatkumāra Dialogue

Devanagari script

मासः पक्षमहोरात्रमृतुः संवत्सराण्यपि

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 113.43

Transliteration

māsaḥ pakṣa-mahorātram ṛtuḥ saṃvatsarāṇy api

Translation

માસ, પક્ષ, અહોરાત્ર, ઋતુ—અને સંવત્સર (વર્ષ) પણ।

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Word by Word

• मासः: month
• मासः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• पक्ष-महोरात्रम्: fortnight and day-night (cycle)
• पक्ष-महोरात्रम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + अहोरात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd Nom/Acc), एकवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्वः: ‘पक्षश्च अहोरात्रं च’ (fortnight and day-night as a collective)

• ऋतुः: season
• ऋतुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• संवत्सराणि: years
• संवत्सराणि: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd Nom/Acc), बहुवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्यय (particle: also/even)

Speaker

Pṛthivī (default dialogue framework; address to Varāha/Viṣṇu)

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Cosmology
• History of Timekeeping
• Sanskrit Philology

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It provides a compact list of time divisions used in ritual, agricultural, and administrative contexts across classical South Asia, illustrating the Purāṇic role in preserving calendrical vocabulary.

Which geographic location is identified?

No location is mentioned; the verse is about temporal structure.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

No explicit ethical rule is given; the verse foregrounds cyclical time, a concept that often frames duties as seasonally and contextually appropriate in related literature.