Rig Veda 8.45.2: Mandala 8, Sukta 45, Mantra 2
Sukta 8.45
Devata: Indra
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
बृहन्निदिध्म एषां भूरि शस्तं पृथुः स्वरुः । येषामिन्द्रो युवा सखा ॥
Transliteration
bṛhánn íd idhmá eṣāṃ bhū́ri śastáṃ pṛthúḥ sváruḥ | yeṣām índro yúvā sákhā ||
Translation
Grand, en vérité, est leur combustible pour le Feu; abondante leur parole de louange; vaste leur ouverture lumineuse — pour tels, Indra l’Éternel-Jeune devient l’ami-compagnon.
Word by Word
बृहत्great, lofty
बृहत्:
Kartā (कर्तृ-पदस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootबृह् (वृद्धौ) / प्रातिपदिक: बृहत्
निदिध्मेwe have kindled / we have set (it) down (ritually)
निदिध्मे:
Kartā (वाक्यस्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धारणे) with नि- + दिध्म (intensive/iterative base)
एषाम्of these / of them
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: “of them”)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
भूरिmuch, abundant
भूरि:
विशेषण (परिमाण/बहुत्व)
TypeIndeclinable (used adjectivally)
Rootभूरि (अव्यय/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
शस्तम्praised, celebrated
शस्तम्:
Karma/Predicative (स्तुत्यत्वे—“praised”)
TypeAdjective (PPP)
Rootशंस् (स्तुतौ) → कृत: शस्त (PPP) / प्रातिपदिक: शस्त
पृथुःbroad, wide
पृथुः:
Kartā (कर्तृ-पदस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootपृथु (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
स्वरुःthe stake/peg (ritual post)
स्वरुः:
Kartā (मुख्य-कर्तृपदम्)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वरु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘स्वरु’ = stake/peg; also ritual implement)
येषाम्of whom
येषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive: “of whom/whose”)
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रःIndra
इन्द्रः:
Kartā (कर्तृ)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
युवाyoung
युवा:
Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुवन् (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक; nom. sg. m. ‘युवा’)
सखाfriend, companion
सखा:
Kartā (समानााधिकरणम्—इन्द्रः = सखा)
TypeNoun
Rootसखि (प्रातिपदिक; nom. sg. m. ‘सखा’)
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