Rig Veda 1.30.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 30, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.30

Rishi: Kakṣīvān Dairghatamasa (traditional attribution for RV 1.30)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable for RV 1.30.3; requires pada-length verification in a full metrical scan)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सं यन्मदाय शुष्मिण एना ह्यस्योदरे । समुद्रो न व्यचो दधे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.30.3

Transliteration

saṃ yán madā́ya śuṣmíṇa enā́ hí asyodáre | samudró ná vyáco dadhe ||

Translation

Quand ces puissances se rassemblent pour l’ivresse (mádāya) du Fort, car en son ventre elles sont contenues ; tel un océan, il renferme l’immense étendue.

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Word by Word

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग) / सम् (अव्यय)

• यत्: which, that
• यत्: Karma (यत् = ‘which/that’ as object of दधे) / सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मदाय: for exhilaration, for intoxication
• मदाय: Sampradāna (उद्देश्य/प्रयोजन; ‘for exhilaration/intoxication’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)

• शुष्मिणे: to/for the mighty (one)
• शुष्मिणे: Sampradāna (दत्तव्य-लक्ष्य; ‘to the mighty one’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: शुष्मिन् (प्रातिपदिक; शुष्म ‘बल’ + इन्)

• एना: with these (things/means)
• एना: Karaṇa (instrumental: ‘with these’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एना (सर्वनाम/अव्यय-प्रयोग; ‘एतद्’ से)

• हि: for, indeed
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• अस्य: of him, of this
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of him/its’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उदरे: in the belly
• उदरे: Adhikaraṇa (locus: ‘in the belly’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदर (प्रातिपदिक)

• समुद्रः: the ocean
• समुद्रः: Kartā (subject of दधे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात)

• व्यचः: expanse, breadth, wide extent
• व्यचः: Karma (object of दधे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यचस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘विस्तार/व्याप्ति’)

• दधे: has placed/put; has set (forth)
• दधे: — (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (धातु)