Rig Veda 8.4.13: Mandala 8, Sukta 4, Mantra 13

Sukta 8.4

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

रथेष्ठायाध्वर्यवः सोममिन्द्राय सोतन । अधि ब्रध्नस्याद्रयो वि चक्षते सुन्वन्तो दाश्वध्वरम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.4.13

Transliteration

ratheṣṭhā́yādhvaryavaḥ sómam índrāya sotana | ádhi bradhnásyā́drayo ví cakṣate sunvánto dā́śv-adhvaram ||

Translation

Oh adhvaryus, exprimid el Soma para Indra, firme en la senda del carro. Sobre el fundamento resplandeciente se ven en labor las piedras de prensar; los que exprimen, ofreciendo el sacrificio, hacen manifiesto el rito.

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Word by Word

• रथेष्ठाय: O chariot-standing (priests)
• रथेष्ठाय: सम्बोधन (address) / कर्तृ (with implied ‘you’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रथेष्ठा- (रथ + स्था > रथेष्ठा, ‘standing/being on the chariot’; prātipadika)

• अध्वर्यवः: O Adhvaryu priests
• अध्वर्यवः: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर्यु- (prātipadika)

• सोमम्: Soma
• सोमम्: कर्म (object of ‘press/prepare’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम- (prātipadika)

• इन्द्राय: for Indra
• इन्द्राय: सम्प्रदान (recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र- (prātipadika)

• सोतन: press (it)!
• सोतन: क्रिया (imperative); कर्ता = यूयम् (अध्वर्यवः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सु (धातु; ‘to press/express (Soma)’)

• अधि: upon, over
• अधि: अधिकरण/सम्बन्ध (upon/over)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (upasarga/avyaya)

• ब्रध्नस्य: of the bright/tawny one
• ब्रध्नस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रध्न- (prātipadika; ‘tawny/bright one’, often of the Sun/Agni)

• अद्रयः: the pressing-stones
• अद्रयः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: अद्रि- (prātipadika; ‘stone’, esp. Soma-pressing stone)

• वि: apart, forth, clearly
• वि: क्रियाविशेषण (distributive/intensive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (upasarga/avyaya)

• चक्षते: are seen / appear clearly
• चक्षते: क्रिया; कर्ता = अद्रयः
• Type: Verb
• Root: चक्ष् (धातु; ‘to see, appear, be seen’)

• सुन्वन्तः: pressing (Soma), the pressers
• सुन्वन्तः: कर्ता (co-referential with ritual agents)
• Type: Participle (Adjective/Noun)
• Root: सु (धातु) → सुन्वन्त् (वर्तमान कृदन्त, शतृ)

• दाश्वत्: pious, offering
• दाश्वत्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: दाश् (धातु; ‘to give, offer, worship’) → दाश्वस्/दाश्वत् (परिपूर्ण/भूतकृदन्त-प्रायः)

• अध्वरम्: the sacrifice/ritual
• अध्वरम्: कर्म (object; ‘perform/serve the rite’ implied)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर- (prātipadika; ‘sacrifice/rite’)