Rig Veda 3.57.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 57, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.57

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Indra-Agni / the generative divine power (implicit ‘vṛṣan’ lord); imagery of cows/sisters

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify metrically)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

या जामयो वृष्ण इच्छन्ति शक्तिं नमस्यन्तीर्जानते गर्भमस्मिन् । अच्छा पुत्रं धेनवो वावशाना महश्चरन्ति बिभ्रतं वपूंषि ॥

Transliteration

yā́ jāmáyo vṛ́ṣṇá icchánti śaktíṃ namasyántīr jānate gárbham asmín | ácchā putráṃ dhēnávō vāvaśānā́ maháś caranti bíbhrataṃ vápūṃṣi ||

Translation

Esas hermanas que buscan el Poder del poderoso (Vṛṣan), inclinándose, llegan a conocer el embrión en esto. Llamando hacia el Hijo, las Vacas mugen; en lo Vasto avanzan, llevando sus formas.

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Word by Word

• याः: who (fem. pl.)
• याः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• जामयः: wives/consorts (women of the household)
• जामयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जामि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष्णः: of the bull/virile one (of the male)
• वृष्णः: Sambandha (genitive) / Adhikaraṇa (contextual)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• इच्छन्ति: desire, seek
• इच्छन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष् (इच्छ्)

• शक्तिम्: power, capability
• शक्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्ति- (प्रातिपदिक)

• नमस्यन्तीः: worshipping, doing reverence
• नमस्यन्तीः: Kartā (as qualifier of the subject) / Hetu (manner) संदर्भतः
• Type: Participle (present active) used adjectivally
• Root: नमस् + य (नामस्य) / धातु: नम् (नमस्यति)

• जानते: they know/recognize
• जानते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा (जन/जान) — वैदिक रूप

• गर्भम्: embryo, foetus; (also) inner germ/seed
• गर्भम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अच्छा: towards, unto
• अच्छा: Adhikaraṇa (direction) / Gati
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छा (अव्यय)

• पुत्रम्: son, child
• पुत्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• धेनवः: cows
• धेनवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वावशानाः: eagerly longing/lowing with desire
• वावशानाः: Kartā (as qualifier of the subject)
• Type: Participle (desiderative/intensive sense) used adjectivally
• Root: √वश्/वाश् (इच्छा/आकाङ्क्षा/रव) — वैदिक कृत्-रूप ‘वावशान’

• महः: greatness; great might/light
• महः: Karma (object of ‘चरन्ति’ in sense ‘go/act in great might/light’) / Adverbial-accusative
• Type: Noun
• Root: महत्/महस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)

• चरन्ति: they move, proceed, act
• चरन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर्

• बिभ्रतम्: bearing, carrying
• बिभ्रतम्: Karma (qualifier of object)
• Type: Participle (present active) used adjectivally
• Root: भृ

• वपूंषि: forms, bodies, lovely shapes
• वपूंषि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वपुस्- (प्रातिपदिक)