Rig Veda 3.3.3: Mandala 3, Sukta 3, Mantra 3

Sukta 3.3

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

केतुं यज्ञानां विदथस्य साधनं विप्रासो अग्निं महयन्त चित्तिभिः । अपांसि यस्मिन्नधि संदधुर्गिरस्तस्मिन्त्सुम्नानि यजमान आ चके ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.3.3

Transliteration

ketúṃ yajñā́nāṃ vidáthasya sā́dhanam viprā́so agníṃ mahayanta cítti-bhiḥ | apā́ṃsi yásminn ádhi saṃdadhuḥ gíras tásmin tsumnā́ni yajamā́na ā́ cake ||

Translation

Los videntes engrandecen a Agni con despertares del pensamiento: estandarte de los sacrificios, cumplidor de la vidatha. En él asientan sus obras y enlazan sus himnos; en él el sacrificante llega a las gracias y armonías propicias.

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Word by Word

• केतुम्: banner; mark; light/sign (as object of praise/recognition)
• केतुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: केतु- (प्रातिपदिक) < √चित्/√केत् ‘to perceive, appear’ (etym.)

• यज्ञानाम्: of the sacrifices
• यज्ञानाम्: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ- (प्रातिपदिक) < √यज् ‘to worship, sacrifice’

• विदथस्य: of the vidatha (ritual gathering/ceremony)
• विदथस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विदथ- (प्रातिपदिक) < √विद् ‘to know/find’ (Vedic: assembly/rite)

• साधनम्: means; accomplisher; instrument (of success)
• साधनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधन- (प्रातिपदिक) < √साध् ‘to accomplish’

• विप्रासः: inspired sages/priests
• विप्रासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निम्: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• महयन्त: they magnified/praised
• महयन्त: (verb of the Kartā ‘विप्रासः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मह् ‘to honor, magnify’

• चित्तिभिः: with thoughts/insights; with intentions
• चित्तिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्ति- (प्रातिपदिक) < √चित् ‘to perceive/think’

• अपांसि: works/deeds
• अपांसि: Kartā (of ‘संदधुः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपस्- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘work, deed’

• यस्मिन्: in whom/wherein (i.e., in Agni)
• यस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अधि: upon; over; in addition/on
• अधि: Upapada (governing locative sense)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• संदधुः: they have set/put together; they arranged
• संदधुः: (verb of the Kartā ‘अपांसि’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + √धा ‘to place, put together’

• गिरः: hymns/songs
• गिरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर्- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘song, hymn, speech’

• तस्मिन्: in him/therein
• तस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सुम्नानि: favors; blessings
• सुम्नानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुम्न- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘favor, grace, good will’

• यजमानः: the sacrificer/patron
• यजमानः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजमान- (प्रातिपदिक) < √यज्

• आ: towards; unto; hither
• आ: Upasarga (to ‘चके’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• चके: has made/has obtained; has brought about
• चके: (verb of the Kartā ‘यजमानः’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ ‘to do/make’ (Vedic: also ‘to obtain/bring about’)