Rig Veda 3.12.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 12, Mantra 4

Sukta 3.12

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.12)

Devata: Indrāgnī

Chandas: Gāyatrī

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तोशा वृत्रहणा हुवे सजित्वानापराजिता । इन्द्राग्नी वाजसातमा ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.12.4

Transliteration

tośā́ vṛtra-háṇā huve sa-jítvānā́parājitā | indrāgnī́ vā́ja-sātamā ||

Translation

Con gozosa aclamación invoco a los matadores de Vṛtra, vencedores conjuntos, invictos: Indra y Agni, los más triunfadores en la obtención del vāja, en la plenitud de la fuerza.

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Word by Word

• तोशा: with satisfaction; gladly
• तोशा: Karaṇa (manner/instrumental sense, adverbial)
• Type: Noun (used adverbially)
• Root: तोशा- (प्रातिपदिक; √तुष् ‘तोषणे/तृप्तौ’ से)

• वृत्रहणा: O Vṛtra-slayers (Indra and Agni)
• वृत्रहणा: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun (dual vocative epithet)
• Root: वृत्रहन्- (वृत्र + हन् ‘to slay’)

• हुवे: I invoke
• हुवे: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हू (जुहोति/हवते) ‘to call, invoke’

• सजित्वानौ: O you two who win together / joint victors
• सजित्वानौ: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Adjective (dual vocative)
• Root: सजित्वान्- (स- + √जि ‘to conquer’ से क्तवतु/वत्-प्रत्ययान्त; ‘सहजित/संजित’ भाव)

• अपराजिता: O undefeated (two)
• अपराजिता: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Adjective (dual vocative)
• Root: अपराजित- (अ- + पराजित ‘defeated’, √जि)

• इन्द्राग्नी: O Indra and Agni
• इन्द्राग्नी: Sambodhana (address; invoked deities)
• Type: Noun (dual vocative, deity name)
• Root: इन्द्र + अग्नि (समास: द्वन्द्व)

• वाजसातमा: O best at winning prizes / most victorious
• वाजसातमा: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Adjective (dual vocative)
• Root: वाजसातम- (वाज + सातम ‘most winning/most bestowing’; सातम = superlative from √सन्/√सा ‘to win/gain’ in Vedic usage)