
अङ्गदोपदेशः समुद्रदर्शन-विषादश्च (Angada’s Counsel and the Vanaras’ Despondency at the Ocean)
किष्किन्धाकाण्ड
Hearing the words of Sampāti, king of vultures, the Vanaras leapt up in joy and cried out in triumph. Longing to behold Sītā, they set out for the sea and made camp on the northern shore of the Southern Ocean. There they beheld the ocean’s dreadful form—teeming with vast sea-creatures, churned by tumultuous waves, heaped with mountain-like masses of water, and made more terrifying by its association with the nether depths of Pātāla and the beings linked to it. Seeing it as nearly impassable, the Vanara host suddenly fell into despondency, halted by anxious thoughts of how the task could be done. Then Aṅgada, foremost among the Vanaras, heartened those stricken with fear. He declared dejection the gravest fault, teaching that at the hour of valor despair destroys human effort—like an enraged serpent that would strike down even a child. When night had passed, after counsel with the elders, Aṅgada steadied the army’s confidence and, in the form of questions, summoned leadership: who will leap the ocean, who will fulfill Sugrīva’s pledged truth, by whose might will all return home with the purpose accomplished? Hearing him, the host grew still; and Aṅgada, reminding each of lineage, honor, and strength, urged them to speak the measure of their own power—this awakening of resolve is the sarga’s central lesson.
Verse 1
आख्याता गृध्रराजेन समुत्प्लुत्य प्लवङ्गमाः।सङ्गताः प्रीतिसंयुक्ता विनेदुर्भीमविक्रमाः।।।।
Directed by the king of vultures, the mighty plavaṅgamas gathered together; leaping up in delight, those of fearsome prowess cried out with joy.
Verse 2
सम्पातेर्वचनं श्रुत्वा हरयो रावणक्षयम्।हृष्टास्सागरमाजग्मुस्सीतादर्शनकाङ्क्षिणः।।।।
Hearing Sampāti’s words about Rāvaṇa’s downfall, the vānaras rejoiced and, longing to behold Sītā, came to the ocean—the passage leading toward Rāvaṇa’s abode.
Verse 3
अभिक्रम्य तु तं देशं ददृशुर्भीमविक्रमाः।कृत्स्नं लोकस्य महतः प्रतिबिम्बमिव स्थितम्।।।।
Having reached that region, the monkeys of fearsome prowess beheld the ocean—vast, as though it stood there like a reflection of the great world itself.
Verse 4
दक्षिणस्य समुद्रस्य समासाद्योत्तरां दिशम्।सन्निवेशं ततश्चक्रुर्हरिवीरा महाबलाः।।।।
Reaching the northern shore of the southern ocean, those mighty monkey-heroes then made their encampment there.
Verse 5
सत्त्वैर्महद्भिर्विकृतैः क्रीडद्भिर्विविधैर्जले।व्यात्तास्यैस्सुमहाकायैरूर्मिभिश्च समाकुलम्।।।।प्रसुप्तमिव चान्यत्र क्रीडन्तमिव चान्यतः।क्वचित्पर्वतमात्रैश्च जलराशिभिरावृतम्।।।।सङ्कुलं दानवेन्द्रैश्च पातालतलवासिभिः।रोमहर्षकरं दृष्ट्वा विषेदु: कपिकुञ्जराः।।।।
They beheld the ocean, turbulent with waves and thronged in its waters by many kinds of vast and fearsome creatures, their mouths agape as they sported. In one place it seemed asleep, in another it seemed at play; and somewhere it was covered by mountain-like masses of water. Crowded too with mighty lords among the Dānavas who dwell in the depths of Pātāla, it was a sight that made the hair stand on end; and the foremost of the monkeys, seeing it, grew anxious.
Verse 6
सत्त्वैर्महद्भिर्विकृतैः क्रीडद्भिर्विविधैर्जले।व्यात्तास्यैस्सुमहाकायैरूर्मिभिश्च समाकुलम्।।4.64.5।।प्रसुप्तमिव चान्यत्र क्रीडन्तमिव चान्यतः।क्वचित्पर्वतमात्रैश्च जलराशिभिरावृतम्।।4.64.6।।सङ्कुलं दानवेन्द्रैश्च पातालतलवासिभिः।रोमहर्षकरं दृष्ट्वा विषेदु: कपिकुञ्जराः।।4.64.7।।
Then Angada, best among the vānaras, addressed them again: “All of you are foremost among the strong, steadfast in valor—born in renowned lineages, and time and again honored for your deeds.”
Verse 7
सत्त्वैर्महद्भिर्विकृतैः क्रीडद्भिर्विविधैर्जले।व्यात्तास्यैस्सुमहाकायैरूर्मिभिश्च समाकुलम्।।4.64.5।।प्रसुप्तमिव चान्यत्र क्रीडन्तमिव चान्यतः।क्वचित्पर्वतमात्रैश्च जलराशिभिरावृतम्।।4.64.6।।सङ्कुलं दानवेन्द्रैश्च पातालतलवासिभिः।रोमहर्षकरं दृष्ट्वा विषेदु: कपिकुञ्जराः।।4.64.7।।
“For none of you has ever met with any hindrance in going forth to act, at any time or in any place. So speak, O bulls among the vānaras: who has what power in leaping—and how far?”
Verse 8
आकाशमिव दुष्पारं सागरं प्रेक्षय वानराः।विषेदु स्सहसासर्वे कथं कार्यमिति ब्रुवन्।।।।
Beholding the ocean—hard to cross, like the very sky—all the vānaras at once sank into dejection, saying, “How can this task be accomplished?”
Verse 9
विषण्णां वाहिनीं दृष्ट्वा सागरस्य निरीक्षणात्।आश्वासयामास हरीन्भयार्तान् हरिसत्तमः।।।।
Seeing the host downcast from gazing upon the ocean, Angada—the foremost of the vānaras—encouraged the troops who were distressed by fear.
Verse 10
तान्विषादेन महता विषण्णान्वानरर्षभान्।उवाच मतिमान्काले वालिसूनुर्महाबलः।।।।
Then the wise and mighty Aṅgada, Vāli’s son, spoke at the proper moment to those bull-like leaders of monkeys who were weighed down by great despondency.
Verse 11
न विषादे मनः कार्यं विषादो दोषवत्तमः।विषादो हन्ति पुरुषं बालं क्रुद्ध इवोरगः।।।।
Let not the mind fall into despair; despair is the gravest fault. Despair destroys a man, as an angry serpent kills a child.
Verse 12
यो विषादं प्रसहते विक्रमे पर्युपस्थिते।तेजसा तस्य हीनस्य पुरुषार्थो न सिध्यति।।।।
Whoever yields to despair when the moment for valor has arrived loses his inner radiance; deprived of that strength, he cannot accomplish his rightful aims.
Verse 13
तस्यां रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामङ्गदो वानरैस्सह।हरिवृद्धैस्समागम्य पुनर्मन्त्रममन्त्रयत्।।।।
When that night had passed, Aṅgada, together with the vānaras, gathered again with the elders among them and once more sought counsel.
Verse 14
सा वानराणां ध्वजिनी परिवार्याङ्गदं बभौ।वासवं परिवार्येव मरुतां वाहिनी स्थिता।।।।
The monkey host stood encircling Aṅgada, shining forth like the troop of the Maruts gathered around Vāsava (Indra).
Verse 15
कोऽन्यस्तां वानरीं सेनां शक्त:स्तम्भयितुं भवेत्।अन्यत्र वालितनयादन्यत्र च हनूमतः।।।।
Who else could restrain and steady this vānara host—save Vāli’s son and Hanūmān?
Verse 16
ततस्तान्हरिवृद्धांश्च तच्च सैन्यमरिन्दमः।अनुमान्याङ्गदश्श्रीमान्वाक्यमर्थवदब्रवीत्।।।।
Then the illustrious Aṅgada—subduer of foes—having won the confidence of the elder vānara leaders and the host, spoke words full of purpose.
Verse 17
क इदानीं महातेजा लङ्घयिष्यति सागरम्।कः करिष्यति सुग्रीवं सत्यसन्धमरिन्दमम्।।।।
“Who now, possessed of great splendor and strength, will cross the ocean? Who will vindicate Sugrīva—the foe-subduer, true to his pledge?”
Verse 18
को वीरो योजनशतं लङ्घयेत प्लवङ्गमाः।इमांश्च यूथपान् सर्वान्मोक्षयेत्को महाभयात्।।।।
“O plavaṅgamas, who is the hero that can leap a hundred yojanas? Who will free all these troop-leaders from the great fear?”
Verse 19
कस्य प्रभावाद्धारांश्च पुत्रांश्चैव गृहाणि च।इतो निवृत्ताः पश्येम सिद्धार्थास्सुखिनो वयम्।।।।
“By whose power and efficacy shall we succeed and return from here, so that we may happily see again our wives, our sons, and our homes?”
Verse 20
कस्य प्रसादाद्रामं च लक्ष्मणं च महाबलम्।अभिगच्छेम संहृष्टास्सुग्रीवं च वनौकसम्।।।।
By whose grace shall we joyfully approach Rāma and mighty Lakṣmaṇa—and also Sugrīva, the forest-dweller—as though our task were fulfilled?
Verse 21
यदि कश्चित्समर्थो वस्सागरप्लवने हरिः।स ददा त्विह न शशीघ्रं पुण्यामभयदक्षिणाम्।।।।
If any vānara among you is able to leap across the ocean, let him here and now swiftly grant us the sacred gift of fearlessness—assurance of safety through success.
Verse 22
अङ्गदस्य वच श्शृत्वा न कश्चित् किञ्चिदब्रवीत्।स्तिमिते वा भवत्सर्वा सा तत्र हरिवाहिनी।।।।
Hearing Angada’s words, no one replied even in the least; there the entire vānaras’ host fell silent, as though stilled into motionlessness.
Verse 23
पुनरेवाङ्गदः प्राह तान्हरीन्हरिसत्तमः।सर्वे बलवतां श्रेष्ठा भवन्तो दृढविक्रमाः।।।।व्यपदेश्य कुले जाताः पूजिताश्चाप्यभीक्ष्णशः।
Then Angada, best among the vānaras, addressed them again: “All of you are foremost among the strong, steadfast in valor—born in renowned lineages, and time and again honored for your deeds.”
Verse 24
न हि वो गमने सङ्गः कदाचित्कस्यचित्क्वचित्।ब्रुवध्वं यस्य या शक्तिः प्लवने प्लवगर्षभाः।।।।
“For none of you has ever met with any hindrance in going forth to act, at any time or in any place. So speak, O bulls among the vānaras: who has what power in leaping—and how far?”
The pivotal action is the leadership decision at a strategic impasse: the vanaras must choose between succumbing to fear at the ocean’s scale or reaffirming duty by identifying who can execute the leap—an operational test of collective resolve under mission pressure.
Angada’s upadesha treats viṣāda (despondency) as a principal flaw that destroys capability; when valor is required, despair diminishes tejas and prevents puruṣārtha from succeeding—therefore courage and clarity are framed as prerequisites for dharmic action.
The southern ocean (dakṣiṇa-samudra) and its northern shore are the key geographic markers; culturally, the imagery invokes Indra encircled by the Maruts to depict Angada’s centrality within the vanara host, while pātāla and dānava motifs intensify the ocean’s mythic scale.