Rig Veda 8.28.4: Mandala 8, Sukta 28, Mantra 4
Sukta 8.28
Devata: Devas as executors of Ṛta (with emphasis on Āditya sovereignty)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यथा वशन्ति देवास्तथेदसत्तदेषां नकिरा मिनत् । अरावा चन मर्त्यः ॥
Transliteration
yáthā váśanti devā́s táthéd ásat tádeṣā́m nákir ā́ minat | arā́vā caná mártyaḥ ||
Translation
Wie die Götter wollen und walten, so wird es wahrlich; niemand schmälert ihre Satzung — kein Sterblicher, nicht einmal einer, der reich an Mitteln ist.
Word by Word
यथाjust as, as
यथा:
Adhikaraṇa (तुलनासम्बन्धे) / वाक्यसम्बन्धक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (avyaya)
वशन्तिthey rule / they have power / they will
वशन्ति:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√वश् (वशँ) ‘to will, to be in control, to rule’
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक) < √दिव् ‘to shine’
तथाso, thus
तथा:
Adhikaraṇa (प्रकारे) / वाक्यसम्बन्धक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (avyaya)
इद्indeed, just
इद्:
— (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइद् (निपात/अव्यय; emphatic particle)
असत्the non-being; what is not (unreal/hostile)
असत्:
Kartā (यथा… तथा… असत् …) / वा विषयः
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअसत् (प्रातिपदिक) = a- + सत् (< √अस् ‘to be’)
तत्that
तत्:
(सम्बन्ध/अनुवाद) —
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
एषाम्of these (of them)
एषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नकिःno one
नकिः:
Kartā (नकिः … मिनत् = no one injures)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनकिः (निपात/सर्वनाम-अव्यय; RV usage)
आtowards; completely (as preverb)
आ:
— (उपसर्ग)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग)
मिनत्harmed, diminished
मिनत्:
(क्रिया) —
TypeVerb
Root√मि (मिनँ/मि॒न) ‘to diminish, damage, injure’
अरावa miser, niggard (one without generosity)
अराव:
Kartā (द्वितीयपादे ‘अराव … मर्त्यः’)
TypeAdjective
Rootअरावन् (प्रातिपदिक; adj.)
चनeven
चन:
— (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचन (निपात; enclitic)
मर्त्यःa mortal (man)
मर्त्यः:
Kartā (अराव … मर्त्यः = even a miserly mortal)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √मृ ‘to die’
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