Rig Veda 5.47.1: Mandala 5, Sukta 47, Mantra 1

Sukta 5.47

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (book 5)

Devata: Ambiguous/poetic: a feminine power (often read as Uṣas or a maternal cosmic principle) and the Pitṛs; hymn moves into ancestral/cosmic imagery

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रयुञ्जती दिव एति ब्रुवाणा मही माता दुहितुर्बोधयन्ती । आविवासन्ती युवतिर्मनीषा पितृभ्य आ सदने जोहुवाना ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 5.47.1

Transliteration

prayuñjatī́ divá eti bruvāṇā́ mahī́ mātā́ duhitur bódhayantī | ā́vivāsantī yuvatír manīṣā́ pitṛ́-bhya ā́ sadáne jóhuvānā ||

Translation

Sie spannt sich an und schreitet aus dem lichten Himmel, sprechend; die große Mutter weckt ihre Tochter. Die junge Maid der inspirierten Einsicht, ehrerbietig dienend, ruft die Väter zu ihrem Sitz — sie beschwört die Ahnenmächte, das Opferwerk in uns zu gründen.

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Word by Word

• प्रयुञ्जती: yoking/setting in motion
• प्रयुञ्जती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: प्र-युज् (युज्)

• दिवः: of heaven, from the sky
• दिवः: Apādāna (source) / Genitive relation
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (द्यौः) / दिव्-प्रातिपदिक

• एति: goes, comes
• एति: Kriyā (finite verb) / with Kartā = implied subject
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (एति)

• ब्रुवाणा: speaking, declaring
• ब्रुवाणा: Kartā (co-referential with main subject)
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: ब्रू

• मही: great
• मही: Viśeṣaṇa (of ‘माता’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (मही-स्त्रीरूप)

• माता: mother
• माता: Kartā (subject of participles/verb-context)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ

• दुहितुः: of the daughter
• दुहितुः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ

• बोधयन्ती: awakening, making (her) know
• बोधयन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle, causative)
• Root: बुध् (caus. बोधय-)

• आविवासन्ती: paying reverence, doing homage
• आविवासन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: आ-वि-वास् (intensive/desiderative-like present stem आविवास-)

• युवतिः: the young woman
• युवतिः: Kartā (apposition to ‘माता’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवति-प्रातिपदिक

• मनीषा: insight, inspired thought
• मनीषा: Kartā (apposition/abstract as agent: ‘with/through thought’ also possible)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनीषा-प्रातिपदिक

• पितृभ्यः: to the Fathers (ancestors)
• पितृभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: Upasarga (directional)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: आ

• सदने: in the seat/dwelling (assembly-place)
• सदने: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदन-प्रातिपदिक

• जोहुवाना: repeatedly invoking/calling
• जोहुवाना: Kartā
• Type: Verb (perfect/intensive participle)
• Root: हु (intensive stem जोहुव-)