Rig Veda 4.56.1: Mandala 4, Sukta 56, Mantra 1

Sukta 4.56

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional for Mandala 4)

Devata: Dyāvāpṛthivī (Heaven and Earth)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मही द्यावापृथिवी इह ज्येष्ठे रुचा भवतां शुचयद्भिरर्कैः । यत्सीं वरिष्ठे बृहती विमिन्वन्रुवद्धोक्षा पप्रथानेभिरेवैः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.56.1

Transliteration

mahī́ dyāvāpṛthivī ihá jyeṣṭhé rucā́ bhavatāṃ śucáyadbhir arkáiḥ | yát sīṃ váriṣṭhe bṛhatī́ viminván ruvád dhókṣā paprathānébhir eváiḥ ||

Translation

Mächtige Himmel-und-Erde, hier in eurem Erstsein, werdet uns leuchtend durch die reinigenden Hymnen. Denn wenn in der höchsten Weite die Große ihre Räume ausmisst, breitet der brüllende Stier sie aus mit seinen sich weitenden Antrieben.

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Word by Word

• मही: great, vast
• मही: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण द्यावापृथिव्योः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक) < मह् ‘महत्त्वे/वृद्धौ’

• द्यावापृथिवी: Heaven-and-Earth (the two worlds)
• द्यावापृथिवी: Kartā
• Type: Noun (dual compound)
• Root: द्यावापृथिवी (समासः: द्यावा + पृथिवी)

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• ज्येष्ठे: in the highest/foremost (place/state)
• ज्येष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्येष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < ज्यायस् (वृद्धतर)

• रुचा: with light, with radiance
• रुचा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुच् (प्रातिपदिक) < √रुच् ‘दीप्तौ/रुचौ’

• भवताम्: be (you two)
• भवताम्: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू ‘सत्तायाम्’

• शुचयद्भिः: with purifying/brightening
• शुचयद्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: शुचयत् (कृदन्त) < √शुच् ‘शौचे/दीप्तौ’ (णिच्)

• अर्कैः: with hymns/songs of praise
• अर्कैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्क (प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: when/that (which)
• यत्: — (सम्बन्धक)
• Type: Indeclinable (relative) / pronoun form
• Root: यद् (सम्बन्ध/यत्-शब्द)

• सीम्: indeed, just, them
• सीम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (enclitic particle)
• Root: सीम्

• वरिष्ठे: in the most excellent (place/state)
• वरिष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक) < वर (श्रेष्ठ) + इष्ठ (तमप्)

• बृहती: the two lofty/great (ones)
• बृहती: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहती (प्रातिपदिक) < √बृह् ‘वृद्धौ’

• विमिन्वन्: measuring out, meting out (expanding by measure)
• विमिन्वन्: Kartā (सहायक-कर्तृभावे)
• Type: Participle
• Root: विमिन्वत् (कृदन्त) < वि + √मि/मिन् ‘मापन/विस्तार’ (वेदिक)

• रुवद्धोक्षा: the bellowing milker (one who milks with a roar)
• रुवद्धोक्षा: Kartā (उपमान/विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Compound (bahuvrīhi/karmadhāraya-like epithet)
• Root: रुवत् (कृदन्त) < √रु ‘शब्दे’ + धोक्षा (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक ‘दोहक/दुग्धकर्ता’ < √दुह् ‘दोहने’)

• पप्रथानॆभिः: with those that have spread out/expanded
• पप्रथानॆभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Participle
• Root: पप्रथान (कृदन्त/भूतपूर्व) < √प्रथ् ‘विस्तारे’ (परस्मैपदी)

• एवैः: with these very (ones/means)
• एवैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun/particle-like nominal
• Root: एव (प्रातिपदिक; वेदिक ‘एव’ = ‘एवम्/एव’), here as instrumental plural