Rig Veda 10.138.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 138, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.138

Devata: Indra / heroic truth-force (with solar analogy)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अनाधृष्टानि धृषितो व्यास्यन्निधीँरदेवाँ अमृणदयास्यः । मासेव सूर्यो वसु पुर्यमा ददे गृणानः शत्रूँरशृणाद्विरुक्मता ॥

Transliteration

anā́dhṛṣṭāni dhṛṣitó vy àsyan nidhī́m̐r ádevāṁ amṛṇad ayā́syāḥ | māséva sū́ryo vásu púryam ā́ dade gṛṇānó śatrū́m̐r aśṛṇād virúkmatā ||

Translation

Er schleuderte auseinander, was niemand anzugreifen vermochte; der Kühne zerschlug die gottlosen Hortungen — Ayāsya. Wie die Sonne an der Wende des Monats setzte er den reichen Schatz in die Burg des Seienden; preisend brach er die Feinde durch die Macht strahlenden Glanzes.

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Word by Word

• अना॑धृष्टानि: (things/places) not to be assailed; unassailable
• अना॑धृष्टानि: Karma (object-qualifier of what is ‘overpowered/attacked’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अना-धृष् (धृष् ‘धर्षणे/साहसे’ + नञ्-उपसर्ग; क्त-प्रत्यय) → अना॑धृष्ट-

• धृषि॒तः: bold; daring
• धृषि॒तः: Kartā (agent-qualifier of the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृष् (धर्षणे/साहसे) → धृषित- (क्त)

• व्या॑स्यत्: he cast forth; he hurled
• व्या॑स्यत्: Kriyā (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस्/आस्? here: √अस् (क्षेपणे/प्रक्षेपणे) with वि-आ- (व्य्-आ-) → व्यास्यति/व्यास्यत्

• नि॒धीँः: treasures; stores
• नि॒धीँः: Karma (object of ‘cast forth/expelled’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निधि- (प्रातिपदिक) < नि-√धा (to place) → ‘deposit/treasure, store’

• अदे॑वान्: the godless; non-divine foes
• अदे॑वान्: Karma (object of ‘destroyed’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अ-देव- (नञ् + देव) प्रातिपदिक

• अमृणत्: he crushed; he destroyed
• अमृणत्: Kriyā (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मृण्/मृड् (हिंसायाम्/मर्दने) → मृणाति

• अयास्यः: Ayāsya (the hero/seer)
• अयास्यः: Kartā (subject)
• Type: Noun (proper name/epithet)
• Root: अयास्य- (प्रातिपदिक; proper name/epithet in RV, often of a seer/hero)

• मा॒स: with a month; monthly
• मा॒स: Karaṇa (standard of comparison with इव)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास- (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like; as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (avyaya)

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: Kartā (subject of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वसु: wealth; a good (treasure)
• वसु: Karma (object of ‘gave’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• पुर्य॒मा: Puryamā (name/epithet)
• पुर्य॒मा: Kartā (subject of ‘gave’)
• Type: Noun (proper name/epithet)
• Root: पुर्यमा- (प्रातिपदिक; epithet/name)

• द॑दे: he has given; he gave
• द॑दे: Kriyā (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दा (दाने) → ददाति

• गृणा॒नः: praising; singing
• गृणा॒नः: Kartā (concomitant action of the subject)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √गॄ/गृ (स्तुतौ) → गृणान- (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• शत्रूँ॑ः: enemies
• शत्रूँ॑ः: Karma (object of ‘made hear/overcame’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अशृणात्: he struck down; he overcame
• अशृणात्: Kriyā (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शृ (हिंसायाम्/क्षेपणे; Vedic: ‘to strike/overcome’) → शृणाति

• वि॒रुक्म॑ता: with shining/golden splendor; adorned with gold
• वि॒रुक्म॑ता: Karaṇa (instrument/means: ‘with/through his shining splendor’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-रुक्म-वत् (रुक्म ‘golden ornament/brightness’ + -वत् possessive) → विरुक्मवत्