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Rig Veda 1.109.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 109, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.109

Devata: Indrāgnī (primary); Mitra-Varuṇa, Aditi, Sindhu, Pṛthivī, Dyauḥ (benedictory close)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पुरंदरा शिक्षतं वज्रहस्तास्माँ इन्द्राग्नी अवतं भरेषु । तन्नो मित्रो वरुणो मामहन्तामदितिः सिन्धुः पृथिवी उत द्यौः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.109.8
Transliteration

puraṃdará śíkṣataṃ vajrahastā asmā́ṃ indrāgnī avataṃ bháreṣu | tán no mitró váruṇo māmahantām áditiḥ síndhuḥ pṛthivī utá dyáuḥ ||

Translation

O Festungsbrecher, o Blitzkeulenträger, weist uns; beschützt uns, o Indra und Agni, in den Lasten der Kämpfe. Und mögen Mitra und Varuṇa uns mehren; mögen Aditi, Sindhu, die Erde und der Himmel uns stärken und erhöhen.

Word by Word
पुरंदराO ‘fort-destroyers’ (epithet)
पुरंदरा:
सम्बोधन (addressed deities)
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootपुरंदर (प्रातिपदिक; पुरम्+दर) अथवा पुरंदर (बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास)
शिक्षतम्teach / instruct / help (you two)!
शिक्षतम्:
क्रिया (आह्वान/आज्ञा)
TypeVerb
Root√शिक्ष् (शिक्ष्) ‘to teach/train, to help’
वज्रहस्ताO thunderbolt-handed (you two)!
वज्रहस्ता:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (epithet)
Rootवज्रहस्त (प्रातिपदिक; वज्र+हस्त) समास
अस्मान्us
अस्मान्:
कर्म (of अवतम्)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्राग्नीO Indra and Agni!
इन्द्राग्नी:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (dual deity name)
Rootइन्द्राग्नि (द्वन्द्व-समास: इन्द्र + अग्नि)
अवतम्protect / aid (you two)!
अवतम्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√अव् ‘to protect, help’
भरेषुin battles / in contests
भरेषु:
अधिकरण (locative: circumstance)
TypeNoun
Rootभर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘battle, contest, struggle’)
तत्that (boon/help)
तत्:
कर्म (of मामहन्ताम्)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नःfor us / our
नः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (enclitic pronoun)
मित्रःMitra
मित्रः:
कर्तृ (of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणःVaruṇa
वरुणः:
कर्तृ (co-agent with मित्रः)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
मामहन्ताम्may they magnify / favor (us/that)
मामहन्ताम्:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√मह् ‘to honor, magnify’ (with reduplication/intensive-like formation in Vedic)
अदितिःAditi
अदितिः:
कर्तृ (of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun (deity)
Rootअदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
सिन्धुःthe River / Sindhu
सिन्धुः:
कर्तृ (of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
पृथिवीEarth
पृथिवी:
कर्तृ (of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
उतand / also
उत:
समुच्चय (coordinator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत (निपात/अव्यय)
द्यौःHeaven / Sky
द्यौः:
कर्तृ (of मामहन्ताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ (प्रातिपदिक; द्यौस्)
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