Atharva Veda 13.4.5: Kanda 13, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 4, Mantra 5

Sukta 4

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

सो अ॒ग्निः स उ॒ सूर्यः॒ स उ॑ ए॒व म॑हाय॒मः। र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 13.4.5

IAST Transliteration

só agníḥ sá u sū́ryaḥ sá u evá mahāyamáḥ | raśmíbhir nábha ā́bhṛtaṃ mahéndra éty ā́vṛtaḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

He is Agni; he, verily, is Sūrya; he indeed is great Yama. With rays the firmament is borne and filled: great Indra comes, encompassed round about.

Translation

Er ist Agni; er ist wahrlich Sūrya; er ist eben der große Yama. Mit Strahlen wird das Himmelsgewölbe getragen und erfüllt: der große Indra kommt, ringsum umhüllt.

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Word by Word

• सः: he/that (one)
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निः: Agni; fire (deity)
• अग्निः: Kartā (समानााधिकरणम् सः) / Predicate nominative
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he/that (one)
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he/that (one)
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्यः: Sun (deity)
• सूर्यः: Kartā (समानााधिकरणम् सः) / Predicate nominative
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he/that (one)
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उ: indeed; also (emphatic particle)
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable (particle)
• Root: उ (निपात/अव्यय)

• एव: just; indeed; only
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)

• महायमः: the great Yama (mighty restrainer)
• महायमः: Kartā (समानााधिकरणम् सः) / Predicate nominative
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: महायम (प्रातिपदिक; महा- + यम)

• रश्मिभिः: with rays; by beams
• रश्मिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: रश्मि (प्रातिपदिक)

• नभः: the sky; the firmament
• नभः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: नभस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• आभृतम्: borne/filled/covered (brought near)
• आभृतम्: Karma (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: आ-√भृ (धातु) → आभृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• महेन्द्रः: Mahendra; great Indra
• महेन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; महा- + इन्द्र)

• एति: goes; comes; proceeds
• एति: — (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (गमन)

• आवृतः: covered; encompassed; surrounded
• आवृतः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: आ-√वृ (वरण/आवरण) → आवृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (specific r̥ṣi attribution varies by anukramaṇī for this section; commonly treated as anonymous/collective in late books)

Devata: Composite sovereignty: Agni–Sūrya–Yama–Mahendra (Indra) as a single power

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (with refrain-like cadence in pāda 2)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: vira

Secondary: shanta