Rig Veda Sukta 12
Mandala 7Sukta 123 Mantras

Sukta 12

Sukta 7.12

Rishi

Vasiṣṭha

Devata

Agni

Chandas

Triṣṭubh (probable; needs metrical verification)

বসিষ্ঠের এই সংক্ষিপ্ত সূক্তে ‘মহান শ্রদ্ধা’সহ অগ্নির নিকট গমন করে তাঁকে সেই নবীন শিখা রূপে স্তব করা হয়েছে, যিনি নিজের ধামে প্রজ্বলিত হলে দীপ্তিমান হন এবং যাঁর জ্যোতি উভয় লোককে পরিব্যাপ্ত করে। অগ্নিকে জাতবেদস্—জন্মসমূহের জ্ঞাতা—রূপে আহ্বান করা হয়েছে, যাতে তিনি সকল দুর্ভোগ অতিক্রম করান এবং উপাসকদের দুঃখ ও নৈতিক ত্রুটি থেকে রক্ষা করেন। পরিশেষে এক চূড়ান্ত তাদাত্ম্যে অগ্নিকে মিত্র ও বরুণের কার্যসমূহের ধারক বলে অভিবাদন জানানো হয়েছে এবং তাঁর কাছে ধনরত্ন, সফল প্রাপ্তি ও স্থায়ী মঙ্গল কামনা করা হয়েছে।

Recitation with translationRig Veda 7.12

Mantras

Mantra 1

अगन्म महा नमसा यविष्ठं यो दीदाय समिद्धः स्वे दुरोणे । चित्रभानुं रोदसी अन्तरुर्वी स्वाहुतं विश्वतः प्रत्यञ्चम् ॥

আমরা মহা নমস্কার/সমর্পণ নিয়ে সেই যবিষ্ঠ (অতি নবীন) অগ্নির কাছে এসেছি, যিনি নিজের গৃহে সমিদ্ধ হলে দীপ্ত হন। চিত্রভানু—বহুবর্ণ দীপ্তির অধিকারী—তাঁর জ্যোতি বিস্তৃত অন্তরে দুই রোদসী (দ্যৌ–পৃথিবী)কে পূর্ণ করে; স্বাহা-সহ সম্যক্ আহুত হলে তিনি সর্বদিক থেকে আমাদের দিকে প্রত্যঞ্চ হন।

Mantra 2

स मह्ना विश्वा दुरितानि साह्वानग्निः ष्टवे दम आ जातवेदाः । स नो रक्षिषद्दुरितादवद्यादस्मान्गृणत उत नो मघोनः ॥

মহিমায় মহান, সকল দুরিতকে সহ্য/জয়কারী—এমন অগ্নি, জাতবেদস্, গৃহে স্তূত হন। তিনি আমাদের দুরিত থেকে ও অবদ্য (দোষ) থেকে রক্ষা করুন—আমরা যারা স্তব করি, এবং আমাদের মঘোন (দানশীল/সমৃদ্ধিদাতা)কেও।

Mantra 3

त्वं वरुण उत मित्रो अग्ने त्वां वर्धन्ति मतिभिर्वसिष्ठाः । त्वे वसु सुषणनानि सन्तु यूयं पात स्वस्तिभिः सदा नः ॥

হে অগ্নে, তুমি বরুণও, তুমি মিত্রও; বসিষ্ঠগণ তাদের মতি (ভাব-স্তব) দিয়ে তোমাকে বৃদ্ধি করেন। তোমার মধ্যে বসু (কল্যাণ-ধন) ও সুষণন (সুখদ সিদ্ধি/সাফল্য) থাকুক; আর তোমরা (দেবগণ/অগ্নি) সর্বদা স্বস্তি দ্বারা আমাদের রক্ষা করো।

Inside Sukta 12

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    A solemn approach: the worshippers come with great reverence to the youthful, kindled Agni shining in his own home.

  2. Development

    Agni’s cosmic scope is affirmed—his many-colored radiance filling both worlds—then his practical power is requested: overcoming hardships and guarding from distress and fault.

  3. Climax

    Agni is explicitly equated with Varuṇa and Mitra in function, implying that the fire embodies moral order, guardianship, and social harmony.

  4. Where it settles

    A closing prayer for treasures and successful attainments, and for continual protection through enduring well-being (svasti).

The deity: Agni

  • In the VedaAgni is the “youngest” yet ever-renewed flame, kindled in his own home (the hearth/altar), whose many-colored brilliance spreads through heaven and earth. He is Jātavedas, the one who knows all births and carries offerings well-presented (svāhuta) to the gods, turning toward the worshippers from every side.
  • Cosmic functionMediator between humans and gods through sacrifice, purifier and protector, upholder of order by burning away obstacles and conveying the oblation into the divine realm.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened power of aspiration and discernment—an inner fire that illuminates the mind, consumes negativity and error, and aligns thought and action with truth (ṛta).

The seer

  • VasiṣṭhaVasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha-gotra); chief seer of the Vasiṣṭhas, traditionally linked with the Tr̥tsu/Bharata lineage · One of the Seven Ṛṣis (Saptarṣi), renowned in the Rig Veda for profound Agni and Varuṇa hymns and for shaping the theological-ritual vision of Mandala 7.

Famous verses

mahā namasā yaviṣṭham
Verse 7.12.1Sets the hymn’s tone of surrender and establishes Agni as the youthful, kindled flame whose radiance pervades heaven and earth and who turns toward the worshipper when offerings are well-made.Read verse 7.12.1 →
स मह्ना विश्वा दुरितानि साह्वानग्निः ष्टवे दम आ जातवेदाः । स नो रक्षिषद्दुरितादवद्यादस्मान्गृणत उत नो मघोनः ॥
Verse 7.12.2Core protective petition: Agni as Jātavedas overcomes all difficulties and is asked to guard the singers and their patron from distress and moral blame.Read verse 7.12.2 →
tvaṃ varuṇa uta mitro agne
Verse 7.12.3The theological peak: Agni is identified with Varuṇa and Mitra functions, and the hymn closes with a benediction for treasures, successful gains, and constant well-being.Read verse 7.12.3 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Yaviṣṭha (ever-young, first to be invoked)
  • Citrabhānu (many-rayed, variegated splendor)
  • Jātavedas (knower of births, all-knowing witness)
  • Protector from durita (distress/evil) and avadya (fault/blame)
  • Ritual messenger who accepts well-offered oblations (svāhuta)
  • Bearer of Mitra–Varuṇa qualities: harmony, guardianship, moral order

Also by this seer

  • Rig Veda Mandala 7 (a large Vasiṣṭha family collection, prominently Agni, Indra, Varuṇa, and the Maruts)
  • Noted Varuṇa hymns (e.g., RV 7.86–7.89) emphasizing ṛta, sin, and forgiveness
  • Hymns connected with the Bharata/Tr̥tsu sphere (including praise of Indra and protective prayer-poetry typical of Mandala 7)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare the hearth/altar (duroṇa/dama) and arrange kindling (samidh).
  • Kindle Agni and offer the opening reverential approach (mahā namasā), establishing presence.
  • Recite the praise highlighting Agni’s all-pervading radiance and his turning toward the sacrificer (pratyañcam).
  • Invoke Agni as Jātavedas to overcome durita and to guard from avadya (moral fault).
  • Conclude with the identification of Agni with Mitra–Varuṇa functions and a benediction for svasti (well-being) and treasures (vasu).

Offerings

  • Samidh (fuel sticks/kindling)
  • Ghee (ājya) into the fire
  • Optional soma/pressed offerings in a larger rite; in domestic use, simple āhuti with ghee and grains

Frequently Asked Questions

It asks Agni to accept the offering, overcome hardships, protect the worshippers (and their patron) from distress and wrongdoing, and grant prosperity and lasting well-being (svasti).

Jātavedas means “knower of births.” It presents Agni as an all-knowing divine fire who understands beings and events and can therefore protect, guide, and carry offerings rightly.

It means Agni is invoked as embodying their functions—Mitra’s harmony and right relationship, and Varuṇa’s guardianship of moral order—so the fire becomes a power of protection, truth, and social-spiritual stability.

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