Rig Veda Sukta 41
Mandala 1Sukta 419 Mantras

Sukta 41

Sukta 1.41

Devata

Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman (Ādityas)

এই সূক্তত আদিত্যসকল—বৰুণ, মিত্ৰ আৰু অৰ্যমন—ক ঋত (বিশ্ব আৰু নৈতিক শৃঙ্খলা)ৰ দূৰদৰ্শী ৰক্ষক হিচাপে আহ্বান কৰা হৈছে, আৰু পৰাজয়, ভ্ৰান্তি আৰু বৈৰী ষড়যন্ত্ৰৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা বিচৰা হৈছে। তেওঁলোকক ‘সোজা পথ’ত যজ্ঞক আগবঢ়াই নিয়া পথপ্ৰদৰ্শক ৰূপে দেখুওৱা হৈছে—যিয়ে সঠিক চিন্তা, সামাজিক সমন্বয় আৰু বিপদৰ মাজেৰে নিৰাপদ গমন নিশ্চিত কৰে। শেষত নৈতিক সুৰ স্পষ্ট: দেখাত উদাৰ মানুহৰ প্ৰতিও বিচক্ষণতা ৰাখিবলৈ, আৰু ক্ষতিকাৰক বাক্যৰ টানত নপৰিবলৈ উপদেশ দিয়া হৈছে।

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.41

Mantras

Mantra 1

यं रक्षन्ति प्रचेतसो वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा । नू चित्स दभ्यते जनः ॥

যাক প্ৰচেতস—বৰুণ, মিত্ৰ, আৰ্যমান—ৰক্ষা কৰে, সেই জনক এতিয়াও কেহে পৰাভূত কৰিব নোৱাৰে; ঋত আৰু মৈত্ৰীৰ দীপ্ত বিধানে সুৰক্ষিত হৈ সি কেতিয়াও উলটাই পেলোৱা নাযায়।

Mantra 2

यं बाहुतेव पिप्रति पान्ति मर्त्यं रिषः । अरिष्टः सर्व एधते ॥

যি মৰ্ত্যক তেওঁলোকে বলৱান বাহুৰ দৰে পোষণ কৰে আৰু আঘাতৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা কৰে—সেইজন অক্ষত, অনাহত হৈ সকলো দিশে সমৃদ্ধি লাভ কৰে।

Mantra 3

वि दुर्गा वि द्विषः पुरो घ्नन्ति राजान एषाम् । नयन्ति दुरिता तिरः ॥

তেওঁলোকে দুৰ্গম পথবোৰ প্ৰশস্ত কৰে; আমাৰ আগত থকা বৈৰী দুৰ্গ-প্ৰাচীৰসমূহ ভাঙি পেলায়; এই ৰাজাসকলে আমাৰ দুঃখ-দুৰিতসমূহ পাৰ কৰি সিপাৰে লৈ যায়।

Mantra 4

सुगः पन्था अनृक्षर आदित्यास ऋतं यते । नात्रावखादो अस्ति वः ॥

হে আদিত্যসকল, ঋত (সত্য-ধর্ম) অনুসৰি যি চলে, তাৰ পথ সুগম, অখণ্ড। তোমালোকৰ বাবে ইয়াত কোনো খাদ, কোনো পতন নাই।

Mantra 5

यं यज्ञं नयथा नर आदित्या ऋजुना पथा । प्र वः स धीतये नशत् ॥

হে আদিত্যসকল, যি যজ্ঞ তোমালোক নেতৃত্ব দিয়া ঋজু (সোজা) পথে আগবঢ়াই লোৱা—সেই যজ্ঞ আমাৰ ধী (চিন্তা-বুদ্ধি) জাগৰণৰ বাবে তোমালোকৰ ওচৰলৈ আগবাঢ়ি আহক।

Mantra 6

स रत्नं मर्त्यो वसु विश्वं तोकमुत त्मना । अच्छा गच्छत्यस्तृतः ॥

সেই মর্ত্য নিজ শক্তিৰ দ্বাৰা অবিচল হৈ ধন-ৰত্ন লাভ কৰে—সকলো বসু, আৰু সন্তান-সন্ততিৰ বৃদ্ধি সহ; সি সোজাকৈ তাৰ ওচৰলৈ যায়, কেতিয়াও আঁতৰি নাযায়।

Mantra 7

कथा राधाम सखायः स्तोमं मित्रस्यार्यम्णः । महि प्सरो वरुणस्य ॥

সখা-সহচৰসকল হৈ আমি কিদৰে যথাযথভাৱে মিত্ৰ আৰু আৰ্যমণৰ স্তোত্ৰ গঢ়িম? আৰু কিদৰে বৰুণৰ মহৎ প্ৰেৰণা-প্ৰবাহ (প্সৰঃ) উচ্চাৰিম?

Mantra 8

मा वो घ्नन्तं मा शपन्तं प्रति वोचे देवयन्तम् । सुम्नैरिद्व आ विवासे ॥

মই যেন তোমালোকক বধকাৰী বাক্যৰে উত্তৰ নেদিওঁ, নিন্দা-শাপৰ বাক্যৰেও নহয়; দেৱক কামনা কৰি, তোমালোকৰ সুম্ন—অনুগ্ৰহ আৰু মঙ্গল-সামঞ্জস্য লৈহে মই ওচৰ চাপোঁ।

Mantra 9

चतुरश्चिद्ददमानाद्बिभीयादा निधातोः । न दुरुक्ताय स्पृहयेत् ॥

বহু দান কৰা জনৰ পৰাও গোপনে অনিষ্ট স্থাপন কৰোঁতাৰ ভয় থাকিব লাগে; আৰু দুৰ্বচন—দুৰুক্ত—ৰ প্ৰতি আকাঙ্ক্ষা নকৰিব।

Inside Sukta 41

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    The hymn opens by declaring the invincibility of the person protected by the far-seeing Ādityas—Varuṇa, Mitra, and Aryaman.

  2. Development

    It expands into petition and praise: the Ādityas are asked to guide the ritual and human intention along a straight, undeceiving path, supporting right thought and communal well-being.

  3. Climax

    The central ritual insight peaks in the image of the gods themselves leading the yajña by ṛju-patha, making the offering an instrument for awakened intelligence (dhī).

  4. Where it settles

    It resolves in practical ethics and caution: beware hidden malice even amid apparent generosity, and do not be attracted to harmful speech—thus safeguarding ṛta in daily life.

The deity: Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman

  • In the VedaThe Ādityas are portrayed as “pracetas” (far-seeing, discerning) upholders of ṛta, sustaining truth, lawful order, and right relationships among humans and between humans and the gods. Varuṇa is the sovereign of moral law and the binder of transgression; Mitra stabilizes friendship, contracts, and concord; Aryaman governs noble affiliation, hospitality, and social belonging.
  • Cosmic functionThey maintain the structure of the cosmos through ṛta—regulating waters and pathways, overseeing oaths and agreements, and guarding the community so that sacrifice and society proceed without distortion.
  • Inner significanceThey represent the inner powers of conscience and clarity: the capacity to align thought and speech with truth (Varuṇa), to cultivate trust and reciprocity (Mitra), and to live with dignity, generosity, and honorable membership in society (Aryaman).

The seer

  • Hiraṇyastūpa Āṅgirasa (traditional attribution)Āṅgirasa (Angiras lineage) · A seer associated with hymns to the Ādityas that emphasize ṛta, social concord, and the straightness (ṛju) of right conduct and right ritual.

Famous verses

yaṃ rakṣanti pracetaso
Verse 1.41.1Programmatic statement of the sukta: the Ādityas as pracetas protectors whose guardianship makes one unassailable—linking divine oversight with human security.Read verse 1.41.1 →
ādityā ṛjunā pathā
Verse 1.41.5Ritual centerpiece: the Ādityas “lead the sacrifice by the straight path,” tying correct rite to the awakening of inspired thought (dhī).Read verse 1.41.5 →
चतुरश्चिद्ददमानाद्बिभीयादा निधातोः । न दुरुक्ताय स्पृहयेत् ॥
Verse 1.41.9Memorable ethical closure: warns against concealed harm and against craving ill-spoken words, reinforcing the hymn’s moral discipline under ṛta.Read verse 1.41.9 →

Attributes of the deity

  • ṛta-pāla (guardians of cosmic order)
  • pracetas (far-seeing discerners)
  • protectors from defeat and harm
  • guides of the yajña on the straight path (ṛju-patha)
  • overseers of truth, vows, and social harmony

Also by this seer

  • Traditionally connected with Rigveda Mandala 1 hymns addressed to the Ādityas (including RV 1.41 in many Anukramaṇī listings).
  • Part of the broader Āṅgirasa stream of early Rigvedic seers known for liturgical clarity and ethical-theological emphasis.

The rite, step by step

  • Kindle and steady the sacred fire (Agni) and establish a calm, truthful intention (satya-saṅkalpa).
  • Recite invocatory verses to the Ādityas, naming Varuṇa, Mitra, and Aryaman as pracetas protectors.
  • Offer oblations while asking that the sacrifice be led by the straight path (ṛjunā pathā) and that thought (dhī) be awakened and clarified.
  • Conclude with a protective and ethical prayer: seek discernment against hidden harm and restraint from harsh/ill-spoken speech.

Offerings

  • Ghee (ājya)
  • Soma libations (where applicable)
  • Grain-cakes or simple food offerings (puroḍāśa in extended rites)
  • Water libation and verbal offerings of praise (stuti)

Frequently Asked Questions

The hymn chiefly addresses the Ādityas—Varuṇa, Mitra, and Aryaman—seen as far-seeing guardians of truth, law, and social harmony.

It means performing the ritual and living one’s life without deceit—aligned with ṛta—so the offering and the mind (dhī) move forward clearly and safely.

Because ṛta is not only cosmic order but also moral order: the hymn teaches discernment and disciplined speech as part of divine protection and social well-being.

Ask anything about Sukta 41 of the Rig Veda

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