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Valmiki Ramayana 2.49.3: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 49, Shloka 3

एकोनपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 49): Rāma’s Night Journey Beyond Kosala and the Charioteer Address

ग्रामान् विकृष्टसीमान्तान् पुष्पितानि वनानि च ।

पश्यन्नतिययौ शीघ्रं शनैरिव हयोत्तमैः ॥३॥

शृण्वन् वचो मनुष्याणां ग्रामसंवासवासिनाम् ।

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.49.3

grāmān vikṛṣṭa-sīmāntān puṣpitāni vanāni ca |

paśyann atiyayau śīghraṁ śanair iva hayottamaiḥ ||3||

śṛṇvan vaco manuṣyāṇāṁ grāma-saṁvāsa-vāsinām |

নৱকৈ চাষ কৰা সীমান্ত থকা গাঁওসমূহ আৰু ফুলে ফুলে ভৰা বনসমূহ চাই, গাঁওবাসী লোকসকলৰ কথা শুনি, উত্তম অশ্বসমূহেৰে তেওঁ দ্ৰুতগতিত আগবাঢ়িল—তথাপি তেওঁৰ মনত যেন ধীৰে ধীৰে গমন কৰা যেন লাগিল।

ग्रामान्villages
ग्रामान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
विकृष्ट-सीमान्तान्with ploughed outskirts/boundaries
विकृष्ट-सीमान्तान्:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootविकृष्ट (वि-कृष् धातु, क्त/कृदन्त) + सीमान्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; ग्रामान् इत्यस्य विशेषण; समासः (सीमान्ताः विकृष्टाः/कृष्टाः यस्य)
पुष्पितानिin bloom
पुष्पितानि:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुष्पित (पुष्प्/पुष्प धातु?; ‘flowered’, क्त/कृदन्त as adjective)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; वनानि इत्यस्य विशेषण
वनानिforests
वनानि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (and)
पश्यन्seeing
पश्यन्:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootपश् (धातु)
Formकृदन्त: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण (while seeing)
अतिययौwent far / passed beyond
अतिययौ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअति-या (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
शीघ्रम्quickly
शीघ्रम्:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशीघ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषणरूपेण नपुंसक-द्वितीया-एकवचन (adverbial accusative): quickly
शनैःslowly
शनैः:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशनैस् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (slowly)
इवas if
इव:
Upamā-dyotaka (उपमाद्योतक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमावाचक-अव्यय (as if)
हय-उत्तमैःwith excellent horses
हय-उत्तमैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootहय (प्रातिपदिक) + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; करण (means of travel); समासः कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुषभावः (उत्तमाः हयाः)
शृण्वन्hearing
शृण्वन्:
Karta-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
Formकृदन्त: शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृविशेषण (while hearing)
वचःwords/talk
वचः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
मनुष्याणाम्of people
मनुष्याणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन
ग्राम-संवास-वासिनाम्of those dwelling in village settlements
ग्राम-संवास-वासिनाम्:
Sambandha-viśeṣaṇa (सम्बन्धविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootग्राम (प्रातिपदिक) + संवास (प्रातिपदिक) + वासिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; मनुष्याणाम् इत्यस्य विशेषण; समासः: ग्रामे संवासः (निवासः) येषां ते वासिनः

Watching the villages furrowed at the outskirts, forests in blossom, hearing the gossips of the people living in the midst of villages, Rama felt he was moving very slowly whereas he had actually covered a long distance with those excellent (swift) horses.

R
Rāma
V
villages (grāma)
F
forests (vana)
P
people (manuṣya)

FAQs

Dharma here is attentiveness and restraint: Rama moves forward without disorder, observing society and nature carefully, suggesting a ruler’s ethic of mindful engagement with the land and its people.

During the journey, Rama passes cultivated village outskirts and flowering forests, hearing villagers’ conversations while travelling fast on excellent horses.

Composure and reflective awareness—Rama remains observant and inwardly steady even while moving swiftly.

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