Rig Veda 8.75.9: Mandala 8, Sukta 75, Mantra 9
Sukta 8.75
Rishi: Unknown/uncertain.
Devata: Agni (hymn context) as protector through hostile surround
Chandas: Likely Anuṣṭubh (requires verification).
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
मा नः समस्य दूढ्यः परिद्वेषसो अंहतिः । ऊर्मिर्न नावमा वधीत् ॥
Transliteration
mā́ naḥ samásya dūḍhyàḥ pári-dveṣaso aṃhatíḥ | ū́rmir ná nā́vam ā́ vadhīt ||
Translation
Khi chúng ta ở trong cơn dồn ép của cuộc xung đột chung, xin đừng để đòn tấn công nghiền nát của những kẻ thù ghét bao quanh—như con sóng đập vào thuyền—quật ngã chúng ta.
Word by Word
माdo not
मा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा (निषेध) / mā́ (prohibitive particle)
नःto us / of us
नः:
Sampradāna (हित/अहित-सम्बन्ध) / सम्बन्ध (gen.)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (प्रथमपुरुष सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
समस्यof the same (one) / of that (equal)
समस्य:
सम्बन्ध (genitive qualifier)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसमस् (प्रातिपदिक) / सम (विशेषण)
दूढ्यःhard/hostile (lit. difficult; Vedic epithet)
दूढ्यः:
Kartā (यदि ‘अंहतिः’ के साथ विशेषण-सम्बन्ध) / विशेषण
TypeAdjective (Kṛdanta)
Rootदुह् (धातु) → क्त/क्तिन्-आधारित कृदन्त; वैदिक ‘दूढ्य’ (दुह्/दोह् से) ‘दुह्य/दूढ्य’
परिद्वेषसःencircling hatreds / surrounding hostilities
परिद्वेषसः:
Kartā/हेतु (agent-like plural subject with following predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootपरि-द्विष् (धातु) → ‘द्वेषस्’ (प्रातिपदिक, नपुंसक) + परि- (उपसर्ग) → ‘परिद्वेषस्’
अंहतिःharm, injury
अंहतिः:
Kartā (मुख्य कर्तृ/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootअंह्/अह् (धातु ‘to press, injure’) → ‘अंहति’ (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक)
ऊर्मिःa wave
ऊर्मिः:
Kartā (उपमा-विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्मि (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा/निपात)
नावम्a boat
नावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनौ (प्रातिपदिक) → नाव (स्त्री.)
आupon, toward
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
वधीत्should strike / harm
वधीत्:
Kriyā (मुख्य क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवध् (धातु ‘to strike, slay’)
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