Rig Veda 3.7.8: Mandala 3, Sukta 7, Mantra 8

Sukta 3.7

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina

Devata: Agni (with the divine priest-powers; emphasis on ṛta)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

दैव्या होतारा प्रथमा न्यृञ्जे सप्त पृक्षासः स्वधया मदन्ति । ऋतं शंसन्त ऋतमित्त आहुरनु व्रतं व्रतपा दीध्यानाः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 3.7.8

Transliteration

daivyā́ hótārā prathamā́ ny-ṛ́ñje saptá pṛkṣā́saḥ svadháyā madanti | ṛtáṃ śáṃsanta ṛtám ít tá āhuḥ ánu vratáṃ vratapā́ dīdhyānāḥ ||

Translation

Hai vị Hotar (Hota) thần linh trước hết an tọa; bảy quyền năng dưỡng nuôi hoan hỷ trong svadhā của mình. Họ xưng tụng ṛta, và chỉ nói ṛta mà thôi; như những kẻ canh giữ luật (vrata), những vratapa, họ bừng sáng trong tư niệm, theo con đường của lời nguyện.

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Word by Word

• दैव्यौ: the two divine (ones)
• दैव्यौ: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दैव्य (देव- < दिव् ‘to shine’, prātipadika ‘divine’)

• होतारौ: two Hotṛ-priests / invokers
• होतारौ: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (√हु ‘to sacrifice/offer’, agent noun)

• प्रथमौ: the first (two)
• प्रथमौ: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (ordinal adjective)

• नि: down, into; (prefix)
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (upasarga)

• अृञ्जे: I anoint/adorn (myself / for myself)
• अृञ्जे: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अञ्ज्/अृञ्ज् ‘to anoint, adorn’ (Vedic present)

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्त (numeral)

• पृक्षासः: the seven mixtures/draughts
• पृक्षासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृक्षा (prātipadika; Vedic ‘mixture/refreshing drink’, often of soma/milk; from √पृच् ‘to mix’)

• स्वधया: by svadhā / by their own power
• स्वधया: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वधा (prātipadika; ‘own power/impulse; ritual nourishment’)

• मदन्ति: they rejoice/are exhilarated
• मदन्ति: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मद् ‘to be exhilarated, rejoice’

• ऋतम्: ṛta (truth/order)
• ऋतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (prātipadika ‘cosmic order, truth’)

• शंसन्त: they proclaim/praise
• शंसन्त: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शंस् ‘to praise, proclaim’

• ऋतम्: ṛta
• ऋतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत

• इत्: indeed, just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (particle)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (pronoun)

• आहुः: they have said / they say
• आहुः: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अह्/√ब्रू (Vedic perfect of √अह् ‘to say’)

• अनु: after, according to
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (upasarga/avyaya)

• व्रतम्: the ordinance
• व्रतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (prātipadika ‘vow, ordinance, fixed rule’)

• व्रतपाः: guardians/observers of the ordinance
• व्रतपाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रतपा (compound: व्रत + √पा ‘to protect/observe’)

• दीध्यानाः: meditating, intent (in thought)
• दीध्यानाः: Kartā
• Type: Participle (Adjectival)
• Root: √ध्यै/√धी (intensive/iterative ‘to think, meditate’; Vedic participle)