Rig Veda 10.6.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 6, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.6

Devata: Agni (as sovereign of the devavīti and receiver of havis)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ईशे यो विश्वस्या देववीतेरीशे विश्वायुरुषसो व्युष्टौ । आ यस्मिन्मना हवींष्यग्नावरिष्टरथः स्कभ्नाति शूषैः ॥

Transliteration

ī́śe yó víśvasyā devávīter ī́śe viśvā́yur uṣáso vyùṣṭau | ā yásmin manā́ havī́ṃṣy agnā́v áriṣṭarathaḥ skabh́nāti śūṣáiḥ ||

Translation

Ngài cai quản mọi cuộc tìm cầu thần linh; Ngài cai quản—như sinh lực bao trùm muôn loài—trong lúc Uṣas (Bình minh) mở bày rạng đông. Trong Ngài, tâm trí đặt các lễ phẩm vào Agni; cỗ xe không hư gãy tiến lên và chống đỡ vững bền bằng những sức mạnh hùng mãnh của Ngài.

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Word by Word

• ईशे: rules, is lord over
• ईशे: (predicate verb; kartā implied)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईश् (dhātu) / ईश (prātipadika)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (relative subject)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• विश्वस्य: of all, of the whole
• विश्वस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (of all)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (prātipadika)

• देववीतेः: of the god-given aid/impulse
• देववीतेः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: देववीति (prātipadika; devá-vīti ‘divine pursuit/impulse/aid’)

• ईशे: rules
• ईशे: (predicate verb; kartā implied)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईश् (dhātu)

• विश्वायुः: all-living / of all life
• विश्वायुः: Kartā (apposition to यः)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: विश्वायु (prātipadika; viśva-āyu ‘all-life/long-lived’)

• उषसः: of Dawn
• उषसः: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (prātipadika)

• व्युष्टौ: at the dawning
• व्युष्टौ: Adhikaraṇa (time: at dawn)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्युष्टि (prātipadika; ‘dawning, daybreak’)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: (verbal modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga/avyaya)

• यस्मिन्: in whom
• यस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa (in whom/wherein)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• मनाः: mind, intention
• मनाः: Kartā (of the following verb, in sense ‘mind/intent’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (prātipadika)

• हवींषि: oblations
• हवींषि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (prātipadika)

• अग्नौ: in Agni, into the fire
• अग्नौ: Adhikaraṇa (in/into Agni)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika)

• अरिष्ट-रथः: whose chariot is unharmed / with a safe chariot
• अरिष्ट-रथः: Kartā (apposition to यः / implied deity, esp. Agni)
• Type: Adjective/Compound epithet
• Root: अरिष्ट (prātipadika) + रथ (prātipadika)

• स्कभ्नाति: props up, supports, establishes
• स्कभ्नाति: (main predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्कभ् (dhātu)

• शूषैः: with strengths, with vigor
• शूषैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूष (prātipadika; ‘strength, vigor’)