Rig Veda 1.64.5: Mandala 1, Sukta 64, Mantra 5

Sukta 1.64

Rishi: Nodha Gautama

Devata: Maruts

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ईशानकृतो धुनयो रिशादसो वातान्विद्युतस्तविषीभिरक्रत । दुहन्त्यूधर्दिव्यानि धूतयो भूमिं पिन्वन्ति पयसा परिज्रयः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.64.5

Transliteration

īśāna-kṛ́to dhúnayo riśā́daso vātā́n vi-dyútaḥ táviṣībhir akrata | duhánty ū́dhar divyā́ni dhūtáyo bhū́miṃ pinvanti páyasā pári-jrayaḥ ||

Translation

Những kẻ gầm vang, được tạo tác bằng quyền năng tối thượng, những kẻ nuốt chửng sự kháng cự, đã dùng sức mạnh mình mà nặn nên gió và chớp. Các lực thúc đẩy (dhūtayaḥ) vắt bầu vú thiên giới; những kẻ chuyển hành quanh (parijrayaḥ) làm đất mẹ căng đầy bằng dòng sung mãn (páyas) khi họ đi vòng quanh.

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Word by Word

• ईशानकृतः: lordly/sovereign-doers (mighty agents)
• ईशानकृतः: Viśeṣaṇa of धुनयः (kartā)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईशान- (ईश् ‘to rule’ > ईशान ‘ruling, lordly’) + कृत (कृ ‘to do/make’)

• धुनयः: the roaring/shaking ones (Maruts)
• धुनयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धुनि- (from धुन् ‘to shake, roar’)

• रिशादसः: devourers of foes / harm-eaters
• रिशादसः: Viśeṣaṇa of धुनयः (kartā)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रिशादस्- (riśa- ‘harm, injury’ + अदस् ‘eating’ < अद् ‘to eat’)

• वातान्: winds
• वातान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात- (from वा ‘to blow’)

• विद्युतः: lightnings
• विद्युतः: Karma (co-ordinate with वातान्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्युत्- (from √द्युत् ‘to shine, flash’)

• तविषीभिः: with (their) powers
• तविषीभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: तविषी- ‘strength, might’

• अक्रत: they made / they set in motion
• अक्रत: (verbal predicate of धुनयः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (to do, make)

• दुहन्ति: they milk
• दुहन्ति: (verbal predicate; kartā = धूतयः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुह् (to milk)

• ऊधः: the udder
• ऊधः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊधस्- ‘udder’

• दिव्यानि: heavenly
• दिव्यानि: Viśeṣaṇa (of an implied neut. pl. object, e.g., ‘(waters/streams) heavenly’), or adverbial accusative ‘heavenly(ly)’
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दिव्य- (from दिव् ‘heaven/shine’)

• धूतयः: the shaking ones / the impellers (Marut-hosts)
• धूतयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धूति- (from धू ‘to shake’)

• भूमिम्: the earth
• भूमिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि- ‘earth’

• पिन्वन्ति: they swell / they make abound
• पिन्वन्ति: (verbal predicate; kartā = धूतयः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पिव्/पिन्व् (to swell, make abound, invigorate)

• पयसा: with milk/moisture
• पयसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस्- ‘milk; sap; moisture’

• परिज्रयः: the encircling runners / those who course around
• परिज्रयः: Kartā (apposition to धूतयः/धुनयः) অথবা viśeṣaṇa used substantively
• Type: Noun
• Root: परि-ज्रि/ज्रय- (from √ज्रि/√ज्रय ‘to run/drive about’; with परि ‘around’)