Rig Veda 1.23.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 23, Mantra 4
Sukta 1.23
Rishi: Medhātithi Kāṇva
Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa
Chandas: Gāyatrī
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
मित्रं वयं हवामहे वरुणं सोमपीतये । जज्ञाना पूतदक्षसा ॥
Transliteration
mitraṃ vayaṃ havāmahe varuṇaṃ somapītaye | jajñānā pūtadakṣasā ||
Translation
Chúng con khấn thỉnh Mitra và Varuṇa cho cuộc uống Soma—những đấng đã sinh khởi, tỉnh thức như quyền năng, với sự phân biện đã được thanh lọc.
Word by Word
मित्रम्Mitra (the god), as object of invocation
मित्रम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *meh₁- ‘to exchange/measure’ (semantic: contract/friendship)
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हवामहेwe invoke / we call upon
हवामहे:
—
TypeVerb
Root√ह्वा (ह्वयति/ह्वयते) ‘to call, invoke’
वरुणम्Varuṇa (the god), as object of invocation
वरुणम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
सोमपीतयेfor Soma-drinking; for the drinking of Soma
सोमपीतये:
सम्प्रदान (प्रयोजन/अर्थे दत्तिः)
TypeNoun (abstract/purpose) / verbal noun
Rootसोम-पीति (समास: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारय-भाव: ‘Soma-drinking’) < √पा ‘to drink’ (पीत) + -ति (भाववाचक)
जज्ञानाःknowing; wise
जज्ञानाः:
कर्तृ (विशेषणम्—‘they, being knowing’)
TypeParticiple (Perfect active) used adjectivally
Root√ज्ञा ‘to know’ → जजान (परिपूर्ण) → जज्ञान (परिपूर्ण/वेदिक-परफेक्ट कृदन्त) ‘knowing’
पूतदक्षसाwith purified might/skill; of purified power
पूतदक्षसा:
करण (सहवाचक-तृतीया; ‘with/through purified power’ as attendant attribute)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootपूत-दक्षस् (समास: कर्मधारय/बहुव्रीहि-भाव: ‘having purified power/skill’) : पूत (ppp of √पू ‘to purify’) + दक्षस् (नपुंसक ‘power, skill’)
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