Valmiki Ramayana 2.83.1: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 83, Shloka 1

अयोध्याकाण्डे त्र्यशीति तमः सर्गः — Bharata’s Departure and Encampment on the Gaṅgā

Śṛṅgīberapura

Devanagari script

तत स्समुत्थितः काल्यमास्थाय स्यन्दनोत्तमम्।प्रययौ भरतश्शीघ्रं रामदर्शनकाङ्क्षया।।2.83.1।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.83.1

Transliteration

tatas samutthitaḥ kālyam āsthāya syandanottamam | prayayau bharataś śīghraṃ rāmadarśanakāṅkṣayā ||

Translation

Rồi khi rạng đông, Bharata đứng dậy, lên cỗ xe tuyệt hảo, vội vã khởi hành, chỉ vì khát khao được diện kiến Rama.

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Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; अनन्तर (then)

• samutthitaḥ: having risen
• samutthitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ud-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘risen’

• kālyam: at dawn
• kālyam: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kālya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कालवाचक (at dawn/early morning)

• āsthāya: having mounted
• āsthāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त; ‘having mounted/boarded’

• syandanottamam: the best chariot
• syandanottamam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: syandana + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समास: स्यन्दनेषु उत्तमः (सप्तमी/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-भाव)

• prayayau: set out
• prayayau: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√yā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• śīghram: swiftly
• śīghram: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śīghra (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (swiftly)

• rāmadarśanakāṅkṣayā: with longing to see Rama
• rāmadarśanakāṅkṣayā: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma + darśana + kāṅkṣā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; समास: रामस्य दर्शनस्य काङ्क्षया (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष; ‘by/with longing to see Rama’)

Context

Getting up at dawn, Bharata boarded his excellent chariot and set forth swiftly, longing to see Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as prompt, purposeful action: Bharata does not delay in seeking the rightful person (Rama) to resolve the moral crisis.

What is the narrative situation?

At daybreak Bharata begins his departure, urgently traveling to meet Rama.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Earnestness and integrity—Bharata’s haste reflects moral seriousness rather than political ambition.