Valmiki Ramayana 2.2.45 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 2, Shloka 45

यौवराज्य-प्रस्तावः

Proposal for Rāma’s Installation as Heir-Apparent

Devanagari script

नास्य क्रोधः प्रसादश्च निरर्थोऽस्ति कदाचन।।2.2.45।।हन्त्येव नियमाद्वध्यानवध्ये न च कुप्यति।

Transliteration

nāsya krodhaḥ prasādaś ca nirartho 'sti kadācana | hanty eva niyamād vadhyān avadhye na ca kupyati || 2.2.45 ||

Translation

Cơn giận hay ân sủng của Ngài chưa từng vô cớ: theo phép tắc và công lý, Ngài trừng phạt kẻ đáng phạt; với người không nên hại, Ngài chẳng khởi sân.

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• asya: of him/his
• asya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• krodhaḥ: anger
• krodhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• prasādaḥ: favor, grace
• prasādaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prasāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चयार्थक-निपात)

• nirarthaḥ: vain, purposeless
• nirarthaḥ: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nirartha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective

• asti: is
• asti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √as (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• kadācana: ever, at any time
• kadācana: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kadācana (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; temporal adverb (कालवाचक)

• hanti: kills/punishes
• hanti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• eva: indeed, only
• eva: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; emphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात)

• niyamāt: according to rule/justice
• niyamāt: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• vadhyān: those fit to be slain/punished
• vadhyān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vadhya (प्रातिपदिक; gerundive from √vadh/√han)
• Form: Gerundive (तव्यत्/यत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• avadhye: towards one not to be slain
• avadhye: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: avadhya (प्रातिपदिक; gerundive with negation)
• Form: Gerundive (यत्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); locative of respect (विषये)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-निपात)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चयार्थक-निपात)

• kupyati: gets angry
• kupyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kup (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Context

His anger or favour never goes in vain. He kills those who rightly deserve to be killed and flares not at those whose life is to be spared.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Impartial justice: punishment and mercy must be governed by niyama (lawful principle), not personal impulse.

What is the narrative situation?

Ministers portray Rāma as a ruler whose emotional responses are disciplined and aligned with justice.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Fair-minded restraint: controlled anger, meaningful grace, and principled punishment.