Valmiki Ramayana 2.13.11: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 13, Shloka 11

अयोध्याकाण्डे त्रयोदशः सर्गः | Kaikeyi Presses the Boons; Dasaratha’s Lament and Collapse

Devanagari script

सुखानामुचितस्यैव दुःखैरनुचितस्य च ।

दुखं नामानुपश्येयं कथं रामस्य धीमतः ॥११॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.13.11

Transliteration

sukhānāmucitasyaiva duḥkhairanucitasya ca |

dukhaṃ nāmānupaśyeyaṃ kathaṃ rāmasya dhīmataḥ ||11||

Translation

Rāma vốn xứng với an lạc, không xứng chịu khổ đau—làm sao ta có thể chịu nổi khi thấy Rāma trí tuệ ấy lâm cảnh sầu khổ?

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Word by Word

• सुखानाम्: of pleasures
• सुखानाम्: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• उचितस्य: of one deserving
• उचितस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उचित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; रामस्य इति विशेषण (deserving)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात; emphasis (‘indeed/only’)

• दुःखैः: by sufferings
• दुःखैः: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• अनुचितस्य: of one undeserving
• अनुचितस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-उचित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; नञ्-समासार्थ: undeserving

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• नाम: indeed
• नाम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाम (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात; emphasis/‘indeed’/‘as for’

• अनुपश्येयम्: should I witness
• अनुपश्येयम्: Kriya (क्रिया/Finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-√पश् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative, विधिलिङ्-लकार), उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘should I see/should I witness’

• कथम्: how
• कथम्: Prashna (प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय

• रामस्य: of Rama
• रामस्य: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• धीमतः: of the wise
• धीमतः: Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; रामस्य इति विशेषण (wise)

Context

Rama deserves happiness not suffering. How can I bear to see such a sagacious Rama undergoing distress?

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Kaikeyī
• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma aligns reward with virtue: the righteous should not be made to suffer through unjust power, and a ruler must protect the deserving.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha protests the moral absurdity of forcing suffering upon the wise and virtuous Rāma.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s dhī (wisdom) and worthiness, making his imposed suffering ethically intolerable to a conscientious father-king.