Varaha Purana 83.4: Adhyaya 83, Shloka 4

Description of the Bhadrāśva and Ketumāla Regions: Niṣadha’s Western Janapadas and River Systems

Devanagari script

तथा च विशाखकम्बलजयन्तकृष्णहरिताशोकवर्द्धमानाः इत्येतॆषां सप्तकुलपर्वतानां कोटिशः प्रसूतिः।

Recitation with translationVaraha Purana 83.4

Transliteration

tathā ca viśākha-kambala-jayanta-kṛṣṇa-haritāśoka-varddhamānā ity eteṣāṁ sapta-kula-parvatānāṁ koṭiśaḥ prasūtiḥ

Translation

E do mesmo modo—Viśākha, Kambala, Jayanta, Kṛṣṇa, Haritāśoka e Varddhamāna—destas sete montanhas de linhagem há proliferações em multidões incontáveis (literalmente, em crores).

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Word by Word

• तथा: thus / in that manner
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connecting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable adverb)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• विशाख: Viśākha (name)
• विशाख: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular) — नाम (proper name)

• कम्बल: Kambala (name)
• कम्बल: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कम्बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — नाम

• जयन्त: Jayanta (name)
• जयन्त: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — नाम

• कृष्ण: Kṛṣṇa (name)
• कृष्ण: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — नाम

• हरित: Harita (name)
• हरित: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — नाम

• अशोक: Aśoka (name)
• अशोक: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अशोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — नाम

• वर्द्धमानाः: Varddhamāna(s) (name; the Varddhamānas)
• वर्द्धमानाः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्द्धमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural) — नाम/समूहवाचक (as list culmination)

• इति: thus (ending quotation)
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (quotative particle)

• एतेषाम्: of these
• एतेषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural) — pronoun

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Visheshana (विशेषण/modifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्त (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्या (indeclinable numeral used adjectivally)

• कुलपर्वतानाम्: of the kula-mountains (mountains of the lineages)
• कुलपर्वतानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुल + पर्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन — तत्पुरुष-समास (कुलस्य पर्वताः / family-mountains)

• कोटिशः: in crores / by crores
• कोटिशः: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/measure-adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कोटि (प्रातिपदिक) + शस् (तद्धित/अव्ययीभावार्थ)
• Form: अव्यय (adverbial: distributive/measure) — ‘in crores, by crores’

• प्रसूतिः: birth / production / origin
• प्रसूतिः: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रसूति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन — भाववाचक (abstract noun)

Speaker

Rudra

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Purāṇic Cosmography
• Toponymy
• Mythic Geography

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

Named mountain catalogues are important for tracing intertextual geography across Purāṇas and for studying how landscapes were systematized in premodern India.

Which geographic location is identified?

The verse provides a set of cosmographic mountain-names; direct one-to-one modern identifications are not secure without corroborating regional traditions and parallel textual witnesses.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

No explicit instruction; the verse primarily sacralizes and systematizes landscape through naming.