Rig Veda 2.37.5: Mandala 2, Sukta 37, Mantra 5

Sukta 2.37

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (attributed seer of much of Mandala 2; hymn-context suggests the Gṛtsamada cycle)

Devata: Aśvins (dual; invoked as vājinīvasū, arriving by chariot, drinking Soma)

Chandas: Trishtubh (11-syllable cadence typical for many RV 2.x invocations; this verse fits the triṣṭubh movement)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अर्वाञ्चमद्य यय्यं नृवाहणं रथं युञ्जाथामिह वां विमोचनम् । पृङ्क्तं हवींषि मधुना हि कं गतमथा सोमं पिबतं वाजिनीवसू ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.37.5

Transliteration

arvā́ñcam adyá yáyyaṃ nṛ-vā́haṇaṃ ráthaṃ yuñjāthām ihá vāṃ vi-mócanam | pṛṅktáṃ havī́ṃṣi mádhunā hí kaṃ gátam áthā sómaṃ pibatam vājinīvasū ||

Translation

Yoke today the forward-coming chariot that bears the human being, for your release and wide working here. Mix the offerings with the honeyed sweetness; come indeed to this our call, and then drink the Soma, O you who are rich in plenitudes of force.

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Word by Word

• अर्वाञ्चम्: hitherward (turned toward us)
• अर्वाञ्चम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्वाञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक) < अवर्/अर्व् ‘नीचे/इधर’ + अञ्च् ‘मुख/दिशा’

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (अव्यय)

• यय्यम्: swift-going, fit to go
• यय्यम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यय्य (प्रातिपदिक) < √या ‘गमन’ (ययि/यय्य ‘going, to be driven/going swiftly’)

• नृवाहणम्: man-bearing (bearing heroes/men)
• नृवाहणम्: कर्म
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नृ-वाहण (प्रातिपदिक) < नृ ‘पुरुष’ + √वह् ‘वहन’

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• युञ्जाथाम्: yoke (you two)!
• युञ्जाथाम्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √युज् (युजँ) ‘योजन/युग्मन’

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)

• वाम्: of you two / you two
• वाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) / कर्म (यदि द्वितीया)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• विमोचनम्: release, unyoking (loosening)
• विमोचनम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वि-मोचन (प्रातिपदिक) < वि + √मुच् ‘मोचन’

• पृङ्क्तम्: mix, blend (you two)!
• पृङ्क्तम्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पृच्/पृङ्क् (वेदिक) ‘मिश्रण/संयोजन’

• हवींषि: oblations
• हवींषि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• मधुना: with honey/sweetness
• मधुना: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: (सम्बन्ध/बलार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)

• कम्: whom/which
• कम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• गतम्: gone, come (having gone)
• गतम्: कर्म/विशेषण
• Type: Participle
• Root: √गम् ‘गमन’ → गत (कृदन्त)

• अथ: then
• अथ: (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)

• सोमम्: Soma (the pressed drink)
• सोमम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: सोम (प्रातिपदिक)

• पिबतम्: drink (you two)!
• पिबतम्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा ‘पान’

• वाजिनीवसू: O Vājinīvasū (you two rich in prize/strength)
• वाजिनीवसू: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: वाजिनी-वसु (समास-प्रातिपदिक) < वाजिनी ‘possessing prize/strength, having steeds’ + वसु ‘good/wealthy’