Atharva Veda 20.49.1: Kanda 20, Anuvaka 5, Sukta 49, Mantra 1

Sukta 49

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यच्छ॒क्रा वाच॒मारु॑हन्न॒न्तरि॑क्षं सिषासथः । सं दे॒वा अ॑मद॒न् वृषा॑

Recitation with translationAtharva Veda 20.49.1

IAST Transliteration

yác chakrā́ vā́cam ā́ruhann antárikṣaṁ siṣāsathaḥ | sáṁ devā́ amadán vṛ́ṣā ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

When ye two mighty ones mounted Speech, and in mid-air strove for mastery, then all the Gods rejoiced—the Bull (was victor).

Translation

Apabila kamu berdua yang perkasa menaiki Vāk (Ucapan), dan di antarikṣa (ruang antara) bertanding untuk menguasai, maka para Dewa pun bersukacita—Vṛṣa (Sang Banteng) menang.

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Word by Word

• यत्: which/that (relative)
• यत्: सम्बन्ध/विशेषण (अन्वय-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द

• शक्रा: O two Śakras (Indra-like ones)
• शक्रा: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाचम्: speech, utterance
• वाचम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरुहन्: (they) mounted/ascended
• आरुहन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-रुह् (धातु)

• अन्तरिक्षम्: the mid-air, atmosphere
• अन्तरिक्षम्: कर्म/गत्यर्थे लक्ष्य (destination)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तरिक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• सिषासथः: you two desired to command/guide (were intent on directing)
• सिषासथः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: सि-षास् (धातु; desiderative/intensive stem ‘सिषास-’ from √शास् ‘to instruct/command’ in Vedic usage)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: क्रियाविशेषण (समवाय/समुच्चयार्थः)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमदन्: rejoiced, became exhilarated
• अमदन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (धातु)

• वृषा: the bull; the vigorous one
• वृषा: कर्तृ/विशेष्य (अन्वये—उपपद-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet)
• Root: वृषन्/वृष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull, vigorous one’)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-derived Indra(-Vāyu) praise tradition (inherited attribution)

Devata: Indra (Śakra), possibly with a dual associate (RV-style pairing)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like (AV 20 often preserves RV meters; this verse scans as a compact stanza)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: vira

Secondary: raudra