Rig Veda 8.3.21 — Mandala 8, Sukta 3, Mantra 21
Sukta 8.3
Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)
Devata: Indra (with Maruts; verse also highlights Pākasthāmā as an epithet/associated power)
Chandas: Jagatī (probable; Mandala 8 Indra hymns frequently in Jagatī—needs pad-count verification against a critical text)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यं मे दुरिन्द्रो मरुतः पाकस्थामा कौरयाणः । विश्वेषां त्मना शोभिष्ठमुपेव दिवि धावमानम् ॥
Transliteration
yaṃ me dur índro marútaḥ pā́ka-sthāmā́ kaurayā́ṇaḥ | víśveṣāṃ tmanā́ śóbhīṣṭham úpeva diví dhā́vamānam ||
Translation
Dia yang bagiku Indra dan para Marut—pematang yang belum matang—menggerakkan; yang paling cemerlang oleh dirinya sendiri di antara semua; melesat seakan dekat ke langit: dialah yang kupegang sebagai daya cepat untuk naik di cakrawala batin.
Word by Word
यम्whom
यम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
मेof me / to me
मे:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
दुरिन्द्रःDurindra (Indra as ‘hard/strong Indra’)
दुरिन्द्रः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (proper/epithet)
Rootदुरिन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; दुर्- + इन्द्र)
मरुतःthe Maruts
मरुतः:
कर्तृ (सहकर्तृ/समुच्चित)
TypeNoun
Rootमरुत् (प्रातिपदिक)
पाकस्थामfirm/steadfast (lit. ‘standing in maturity/strength’)
पाकस्थाम:
कर्म (यम् इति विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (epithet)
Rootपाकस्था (प्रातिपदिक; पाक- + स्था ‘standing/abiding in ripeness/firmness’)
कौरयाणःpraising/celebrating
कौरयाणः:
कर्तृ (दुरिन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple
Rootकौरय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; denominative from ‘कूर/कौर’ ‘praise/celebrate’)
विश्वेषाम्of all
विश्वेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (genitive)
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
त्मनाby (his) own self / by his own power
त्मना:
करण (means/manner)
TypeNoun (instrumental of manner)
Rootत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘self, own person/power’)
शोभिष्ठम्most splendid
शोभिष्ठम्:
कर्म (यम् इति विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective (superlative)
Rootशोभि (प्रातिपदिक) / शोभ् (धातु ‘to shine, be splendid’)
उपtowards, near
उप:
उपसर्ग (गत्यर्थ/समीप्य)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
इवlike, as
इव:
उपमान-निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
दिविin heaven / in the sky
दिवि:
अधिकरण
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ/दिव् (प्रातिपदिक)
धावमानम्rushing, running
धावमानम्:
कर्म (यम् इति विशेषणम्)
TypeParticiple
Rootधाव् (धातु ‘to run, rush’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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