Rig Veda 2.31.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 31, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.31

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Mitra-Varuṇa (with collective invocation of Ādityas, Rudras, Vasus)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अस्माकं मित्रावरुणावतं रथमादित्यै रुद्रैर्वसुभिः सचाभुवा । प्र यद्वयो न पप्तन्वस्मनस्परि श्रवस्यवो हृषीवन्तो वनर्षदः ॥

Transliteration

asmā́kaṃ mitrā́varuṇā́vataṃ rátham ādityái rudráir vásubhiḥ sacā́bhuvā́ | prá yád váyo ná paptán vásmanaḥ pári śravasyávo hṛ́ṣīvanto vana-ṛ́sadaḥ ||

Translation

Wahai Mitra dan Varuṇa, tegakkanlah bagi kami kereta perjalanan—bersama para Āditya, para Rudra, dan para Vasu yang bergerak seirama. Ketika daya-daya pencari kami melesat maju laksana burung-burung mengitari sarang rumahnya, semoga mereka bersukacita oleh kegembiraan tenaga-hidup dan bersemayam di keluasan—

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Word by Word

• अस्माकम्: of us / our
• अस्माकम्: सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• मित्रावरुणा: Mitra and Varuṇa
• मित्रावरुणा: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (dual deity-name compound)
• Root: मित्र- + वरुण-

• अवतं: protect / aid (you two)!
• अवतं: क्रिया (addressed to the deities)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव (अवते/अवति) ‘to protect, help’

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ-

• आदित्यैः: with the Ādityas
• आदित्यैः: सह/साचिव्य (association; ‘together with’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदित्य-

• रुद्रैः: with the Rudras
• रुद्रैः: सह/साचिव्य
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र-

• वसुभिः: with the Vasus
• वसुभिः: सह/साचिव्य
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु-

• सचाभुवा: together, in companionship
• सचाभुवा: क्रियाविशेषण (manner/association)
• Type: Kṛdanta (indeclinable compound form)
• Root: सचा (avyaya ‘together’) + भू (भवति) ‘to be’

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• यत्: when / that which
• यत्: सम्बन्ध (relative connector)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद्

• वयः: bird; (lit.) winged creature
• वयः: कर्तृ (with पप्तन्) / or कर्म (context-dependent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस्-

• न: like, as
• न: उपमान-चिह्न
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle)

• पप्तन्: flying
• पप्तन्: कर्तृ (of implied motion)
• Type: Kṛdanta (present participle)
• Root: पत् (पतति) ‘to fly’

• वः: to you / your
• वः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (to you / of you)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• अस्मन्: from us
• अस्मन्: अपादान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• परि: around; away (from)
• परि: क्रियाविशेषण (direction/circumference)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (upasarga/avyaya)

• श्रवस्यवः: fame-seeking; desirous of renown
• श्रवस्यवः: कर्तृ (of implied action/approach)
• Type: Adjective/Noun (agentive)
• Root: श्रवस्यु- (from श्रवस् ‘fame’)

• हृषीवन्तः: joyful, exultant
• हृषीवन्तः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृषी-वन्त् (possessive from हृषी ‘exhilaration/joy’)

• वनर्षदः: wood-ranging / forest-roaming (swift-moving)
• वनर्षदः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Noun (epithet)
• Root: वन- + ऋषद् (from √ऋष/√अर्ष ‘to rush, move swiftly’ in Vedic usage)