Rig Veda 2.12.1: Mandala 2, Sukta 12, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.12

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Jagatī (RV 2.12 is classically Jagatī; verify per critical edition—many verses are Jagatī with refrain-like close)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यो जात एव प्रथमो मनस्वान्देवो देवान्क्रतुना पर्यभूषत् । यस्य शुष्माद्रोदसी अभ्यसेतां नृम्णस्य मह्ना स जनास इन्द्रः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.12.1

Transliteration

yó jātá evá prathamó mánasvān devó devā́n kratúnā paryábhūṣat | yásya śúṣmād ródasī abhyàsetāṃ nṛmṇásya mahnā́ sá janāsa índraḥ ||

Translation

Dia yang lahir seketika sebagai yang pertama—dewa berakal-cahaya—melingkupi para dewa dengan kehendak dan daya tindaknya; oleh kekuatannya Langit dan Bumi bergetar—oleh kebesaran daya kepahlawanannya: dialah, wahai manusia, Indra.

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Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• जातः: born
• जातः: Kartā
• Type: Verb-derived participle
• Root: √जन् (जनि) → जात (क्त)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• प्रथमः: first
• प्रथमः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• मनस्वान्: thoughtful, possessing mind/intent
• मनस्वान्: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मनस् + वत् (मतुप्) → मनस्वत्

• देवः: the god
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• क्रतुना: by (his) resolve/insight/power
• क्रतुना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around, fully
• परि: —
• Type: Preverb/Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• अभूषत्: adorned/arrayed (them), made splendid
• अभूषत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भूष् (अलङ्कारे/शोभने)

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• शुष्मात्: from (his) might/impetuous power
• शुष्मात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुष्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• रोदसी: the two worlds (heaven and earth)
• रोदसी: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोदसी (द्विवचन-प्रातिपदिक; द्यावापृथिव्यौ)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Preverb/Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• असेताम्: leaned/settled (towards him), yielded
• असेताम्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सि/√स्यन्द्? (Vedic: √सि ‘to lie/settle/lean’ used with अभि; traditional pada: असेताम्)

• नृम्णस्य: of manly power/heroic strength
• नृम्णस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृम्ण (प्रातिपदिक)

• मह्ना: by (his) greatness
• मह्ना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघन्/महन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘greatness’) → मह्ना (instr.)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• जनासः: peoples, men
• जनासः: Kartā (in apposition/vocative-like address in sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक) / जना (Vedic plural) → जनास्

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)