Valmiki Ramayana 2.72.5: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 72, Shloka 5

भरतस्य मातृसदनगमनं कैकेय्या दारुणवृत्तान्तकथनं च

Bharata in Kaikeyi’s apartments: revelation of Daśaratha’s death and Rāma’s exile

Devanagari script

अद्य ते कतिचिद्रात्र्य श्च्युतस्याऽर्यकवेश्मनः ।

अपि नाध्वश्रमशशीघ्रं रथेनापततस्तव ॥५॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.72.5

Transliteration

adya te katicidrātryaś cyutasyāryakaveśmanaḥ |

api nādhvaśramaśaśīghraṁ rathenāpatatas tava ||5||

Translation

Wahai tuan, sudah berapa malam berlalu sejak engkau meninggalkan kediaman mulia kakekmu? Dan apakah perjalanan tergesa dengan kereta tidak membuatmu letih oleh penatnya jalan?

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Word by Word

• adya: today/by now
• adya: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक अव्यय)

• te: your
• te: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी) Singular; ‘of you/your’

• katicit: how many/some
• katicit: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kati (प्रातिपदिक) + cit (अव्यय)
• Form: Indefinite numeral adjective (अनिश्चितसंख्यावाचक), Accusative Plural (agreeing with rātryaḥ)

• rātryaḥ: nights
• rātryaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative Plural (द्वितीया बहुवचन)

• cyutasya: of (you) having departed
• cyutasya: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cyuta (च्युत) (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) from √cyu ‘to fall/leave’, Masculine/Neuter Genitive Singular; qualifying ‘te’ understood: ‘of you who have departed’

• āryakaveśmanaḥ: from (your) grandfather’s residence
• āryakaveśmanaḥ: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āryaka + veśman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: āryaka (‘grandfather’) + veśman (‘house’): ‘from grandfather’s house’

• api: perhaps/indeed (in question)
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (सम्भावना/प्रश्नार्थक)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध)

• adhvaśramaḥ: journey-fatigue
• adhvaśramaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhvaśrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative Singular; तत्पुरुष: adhvan (‘journey’) + śrama (‘fatigue’)

• śaśīghram: very swiftly
• śaśīghram: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śīghram (अव्यय) with śa- intensifier
• Form: Adverb (रीत्यर्थक अव्यय), ‘very quickly’ (textual variant/orthography śaśīghram)

• rathena: by chariot
• rathena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental Singular

• āpatataḥ: while coming swiftly
• āpatataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā + pat (आ + पत्) (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Genitive Singular; agreeing with tava/te: ‘of you while coming/rushing’

• tava: of you
• tava: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Genitive Singular

Context

How many nights have you spent (on the way) since you left your noble grandfather's residence? Hasn't the hurried journey (over such a long distance) on the chariot left you exhausted?

Characters & Entities

• Kaikeyī
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames familial concern and proper reception of a returning son as part of household dharma—asking after wellbeing before entering weightier matters.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata has returned from his maternal family’s home; Kaikeyī questions him about the duration and strain of his journey.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Outward solicitude and the social propriety of inquiring about a traveller’s condition.