Atharva Veda 4.2.5: Kanda 4, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 5

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यस्य॒ विश्वे॑ हि॒मव॑न्तो महि॒त्वा स॑मु॒द्रे यस्य॑ र॒सामिदा॒हुः । इ॒माश्च॑ प्र॒दिशो॒ यस्य॒ बा॒हू कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 4.2.5

IAST Transliteration

yásya víśve himávanto mahitvā́ samudré yásya rasā́n íd āhúḥ | imā́ś ca pradíśo yásya bāhū́ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Whose, by his majesty, are all the snowy mountains; whose are the vital juices, so men indeed declare, in the ocean: whose arms are these quarters of space—unto what God shall we with oblation do worship?

Translation

Yang oleh kemuliaan-Nya semua gunung bersalju adalah milik-Nya; yang milik-Nya sari-sari kehidupan—demikian orang menyatakan—di samudra; yang lengan-Nya adalah penjuru-penjuru ruang ini: kepada Dewa yang manakah akan kami beribadah dengan persembahan?

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Word by Word

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• विश्वे: all (ones)
• विश्वे: कर्तृ (अस्ति/भवन्ति इत्यर्थे) — subject
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: indeed / for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• हिमवन्तः: the हिमवत् mountains (snowy mountains)
• हिमवन्तः: कर्तृ (विश्वे … हिमवन्तः) — subject/apposition
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिमवत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• महित्वा: by (his) greatness
• महित्वा: करण (instrument/means: ‘by/with greatness’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महित्व (प्रातिपदिक; भाववाचक-नपुंसक)

• समुद्रे: in the ocean
• समुद्रे: अधिकरण (locative: ‘in the ocean’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• रसाम्: juices / essences / waters
• रसाम्: कर्म (object of ‘आहुः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रस (प्रातिपदिक)

• इद: this
• इद: कर्म (object/appositive: ‘this’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; Vedic form of इदम्)

• आहुः: they call / they say
• आहुः: क्रिया (they say/call)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अह् (ब्रू/वच्-अर्थे; ‘to say’)

• इमाः: these
• इमाः: कर्तृ (subject of implied ‘सन्ति/भवन्ति’)
• Type: Pronoun (demonstrative)
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• प्रदिशः: the directions / quarters
• प्रदिशः: कर्तृ (with ‘इमाः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रदिश् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• बाहू: (his) two arms
• बाहू: कर्तृ/सम्बन्ध-विशेषण (predicate-nominative: ‘(are) his two arms’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)

• कस्मै: to which (one)? / to whom?
• कस्मै: सम्प्रदान (dative: ‘for/to whom’)
• Type: Interrogative pronoun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवाय: to the god
• देवाय: सम्प्रदान (dative; in apposition to ‘कस्मै’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• हविषा: with an oblation
• हविषा: करण (instrument: ‘with oblation’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• विधेम: may we offer / may we perform
• विधेम: क्रिया (let us offer/perform)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (वि+धा; ‘to arrange, to offer, to perform’)

Attribution

Rishi: Traditionally associated with Prajāpati/Hiraṇyagarbha-type hymnic voice (exact r̥ṣi attribution varies in ancillary lists).

Devata: Prajāpati / Hiraṇyagarbha (the ‘Ka’ deity of the refrain).

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (as in the well-known ‘kásmai devā́ya’ hymn-type).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: adbhuta

Secondary: shanta