Atharva Veda 13.4.1: Kanda 13, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 4, Mantra 1

Sukta 4

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

अध्यात्मम्। स ए॑ति सवि॒ता स्वऽर्दि॒वस्पृ॒ष्ठेऽव॒चाक॑शत्

IAST Transliteration

adhyātmám | sá eti savitā́ svàr divás pṛṣṭhé’vacā́kaśat

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Inwardly (in the self) he moveth on: Savitar goeth; on the back of heaven’s light he hath shone forth.

Translation

Di dalam diri (batin) ia bergerak maju: Savitar melangkah; pada punggung cahaya langit ia telah memancarkan sinarnya.

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Word by Word

• अध्यात्मम्: with regard to the self; inwardly
• अध्यात्मम्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्यात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; अधि + आत्मन्)

• सः: he
• सः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एति: goes; proceeds
• एति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (धातु)

• सविता: Savitar (the impeller, Sun-deity)
• सविता: Kartā (सः इति सर्वनामस्य विशेषण/अप्पोजिशन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वः: in heaven; in the sky
• स्वः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्वर्/स्वः (अव्यय/निपात; ‘स्वर्ग’)

• दिवः: of heaven; of the sky
• दिवः: Sambandha (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौः (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृष्ठे: on the back/surface
• पृष्ठे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अवचाकशत्: looked down; beheld downward
• अवचाकशत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कश् (धातु) + अव (उपसर्ग) + चा (निपात/प्रगृह्य-तुल्य अव्ययांश)

Attribution

Rishi: Sāvitra/Rohita-cycle attribution (anukramaṇī-dependent).

Devata: Savitar (Āditya).

Chandas: Irregular/triṣṭubh-like cadence (not strictly regular in this excerpted form).

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: adbhuta