Rig Veda 4.54.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 54, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.54

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (traditional)

Devata: Savitṛ

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify in critical metrical listing)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

देवेभ्यो हि प्रथमं यज्ञियेभ्योऽमृतत्वं सुवसि भागमुत्तमम् । आदिद्दामानं सवितर्व्यूर्णुषेऽनूचीना जीविता मानुषेभ्यः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.54.2

Transliteration

devebhyo hi prathamaṃ yajñiyebhyo 'mṛtatvaṃ suvasi bhāgam uttamam | ādid dāmānaṃ savitar vy ūrṇuṣe 'nūcīnā jīvitā mānuṣebhyaḥ ||

Translation

Car d’abord, pour les dieux dignes du sacrifice, tu mets en mouvement la part suprême d’immortalité. Puis, ô Savitṛ, tu déploies les ordonnances mesurées (dāman), et, dans leur suite, tu étends les courants de vie pour les humains.

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Word by Word

• दे॒वेभ्यः: to/for the gods
• दे॒वेभ्यः: सम्प्रदान (to/for the gods)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) < √दिव् (द्युतौ)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• प्रथमम्: first, firstly
• प्रथमम्: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• यज्ञियेभ्यः: to/for the sacrificial-worthy (divine) ones
• यज्ञियेभ्यः: सम्प्रदान (to/for the worthy-of-sacrifice ones)
• Type: Adjective (substantival)
• Root: यज्ञिय (प्रातिपदिक) < यज्ञ

• अमृतत्वम्: immortality
• अमृतत्वम्: कर्म (what is bestowed)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमृतत्व (प्रातिपदिक) < अमृत + -त्व

• सुवसि: you bestow, you grant
• सुवसि: क्रिया (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वस् (वसाने/आच्छादने/वसुधाने) with preverb सु-

• भागम्: a share, portion
• भागम्: कर्म (apposition to अमृतत्वम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत्तमम्: highest, best
• उत्तमम्: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग)

• इत्: just, indeed
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्/इद् (निपात; emphatic)

• दामानम्: the gift/portion (allotment)
• दामानम्: कर्म (what is unfolded/extended)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दामन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √दा (दाने) / ‘gift, portion’

• सवितः: O Savitar
• सवितः: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• ऊर्णुषे: you unfold, you spread out
• ऊर्णुषे: क्रिया (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वरणे/आवरणे) with preverb वि-; Vedic present ‘ऊर्णु-’

• अनूचीनाः: following, successive (in due order)
• अनूचीनाः: कर्तृ (with जीविताः as subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनूचीन (प्रातिपदिक) < अनु + उचीन ‘turned/lying along’

• जीविताः: lives, lifetimes
• जीविताः: कर्तृ (subject: ‘lives’)
• Type: Participle (used as noun/adjective)
• Root: जीवित (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) < √जीव् (जीवने) + क्त

• मानुषेभ्यः: to/for men, humans
• मानुषेभ्यः: सम्प्रदान (to/for humans)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष (प्रातिपदिक) < मनु