Rig Veda 4.23.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 23, Mantra 4

Sukta 4.23

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra (implied; but verse generalizes the process of acceptance by the divine)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

कथा सबाधः शशमानो अस्य नशदभि द्रविणं दीध्यानः । देवो भुवन्नवेदा म ऋतानां नमो जगृभ्वाँ अभि यज्जुजोषत् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.23.4

Transliteration

kathā́ sa-bā́dhaḥ śaśamā́nó asya náśad abhí dráviṇaṃ dīdhyā́naḥ | devó bhúvann ávedā ma ṛtā́nāṃ námo jagṛbhvā́n abhí yáj jujoṣat ||

Translation

Comment l’ardent, brisant toute contrainte, atteindra-t-il sa richesse, par la pensée lumineuse? Devenant divin, qu’il connaisse les vérités (ṛtā́ni) ; saisissant la révérence (namas), qu’il soit agréé dans ce qu’il offre.

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Word by Word

• कथा: how?
• कथा: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति-निर्देशः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथा (avyaya-prātipadika)

• स-बाधः: with oppression/constraint; hard-pressed
• स-बाधः: Kartā (as predicate to the subject ‘he’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाध (prātipadika; from √बाध् ‘to press, afflict’)

• शशमानः: striving, exerting himself
• शशमानः: Kartā (agent-participle qualifying the subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √शम् (intensive/reduplicated present stem शशम्; ‘to exert oneself, strive/quiet’)

• अस्य: of him/this
• अस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (sarvanāman)

• नशत्: reached, attained
• नशत्: Kriyā (finite verb of the clause)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नश् (to reach, attain)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: — (verb-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (upasarga)

• द्रविणम्: wealth, treasure
• द्रविणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रविण (prātipadika)

• दीध्यानः: pondering, intent in thought
• दीध्यानः: Kartā (agent-participle qualifying the subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √ध्यै/√ध्या (Vedic: √धी ‘to think, meditate’; desiderative/intensive nuance)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (prātipadika)

• भुवन्: being, becoming
• भुवन्: Kartā (qualifier of ‘देवः’)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √भू (to be, become)

• अवेदा: found, came to know
• अवेदा: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (to know, find)

• मे: for me; to me
• मे: Sampradāna (beneficiary/for me) / Sambandha (my) (contextual)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (sarvanāman)

• ऋतानाम्: of the truths/ṛta-orders
• ऋतानाम्: Sambandha (genitive dependent on ‘अवेदा’/‘नवेदा’ sense: ‘of the ṛtas’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (prātipadika)

• नमः: reverence, homage
• नमः: Karma (what is ‘taken/received’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नमस् (prātipadika)

• जगृभ्वान्: having grasped/taken
• जगृभ्वान्: Kartā (qualifying the subject)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √ग्रह् (to seize, take) with reduplication (perf./aor. participial base)

• अभि: towards, upon
• अभि: — (verb-modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (upasarga)

• यत्: which, what
• यत्: Karma (object of ‘जुजोṣत्’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (relative pronoun)

• जुजोṣत्: was pleased with; accepted
• जुजोṣत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जुष् (to enjoy, be pleased with, accept)