Varaha Purana - Adhyaya 168
Varaha PuranaAdhyaya 16821 Shlokas

Adhyaya 168: The Merit of Seeing Mathurā’s Guardian-Deity and a Catalog of Mathurā’s Sacred Geography

Mathurā-kṣetrapāla-darśana-phalaṃ tathā Mathurā-māhātmya-tīrtha-saṅkhyā

Ancient-Geography (Tīrtha-Māhātmya) and Ritual-Efficacy Discourse

Pṛthivī pregunta por el protector destinado a guardar Mathurā y por el puṇya que nace de contemplarlo. Varāha responde que el guardián es Bhūtapati, identificado con Hara/Rudra, y que su sola visión en Mathurā otorga fruto religioso y borra el pecado. Se recuerda un episodio antiguo: tras mil años de austeridad, Hara recibe un don y pide morar para siempre en Mathurā; así queda establecido como kṣetrapāla, haciendo accesibles los méritos del kṣetra mediante su darśana. Varāha exalta a Mathurā como espacio que renueva el mundo, donde incluso entrar se dice que corta el saṃsāra. Define su extensión sagrada y enumera numerosos tīrthas, revelación antes custodiada, destinada a guiar un tránsito ético por un paisaje sacralizado.

Speakers

VarāhaPṛthivī

Key Concepts

kṣetrapāla (sacred territorial guardianship)darśana-phala (merit through encounter/vision)tapas and vara (austerity leading to boons)tīrtha-māhātmya (praise-literature of sacred sites)kṣetra-praveśa as saṃsāra-nāśinī (liberative geography)guhya-vidyā (restricted/guarded revelation)
Recitation with translationVaraha Purana Adhyaya 168

Shlokas in Adhyaya 168

Verse 1

धरण्युवाच ॥ मथुरां रक्षते कोऽसौ क्षेत्रपालो व्यवस्थितः ॥ तेन दृष्टेन यत्पुण्यं कथयस्वाखिलं प्रभो ॥

Dharaṇī dijo: «¿Quién es ese guardián del recinto sagrado, dispuesto a proteger Mathurā? ¿Y qué mérito nace de verlo? Dímelo todo, oh Señor».

Verse 2

श्रीवराह उवाच ॥ दृष्ट्वा भूतपतिं देवं वरदं पापनाशनम् ॥ तस्य दर्शनमात्रेण मथुरायां फलं भवेत् ॥

Dijo Śrī Varāha: «Habiendo contemplado al Señor, amo de los seres—dador de dones y destructor del pecado—, por el solo hecho de verlo se obtiene en Mathurā el fruto del mérito religioso.»

Verse 3

पुरा वर्षसहस्रं तु तपस्तप्तं सुदारुणम् ॥ पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु मया सन्तोषितो हरः ॥

«Antaño, durante mil años, se practicó una austeridad sumamente severa. Cuando se cumplieron los mil años, Hara (Śiva) quedó complacido conmigo.»

Verse 4

वरं वरय भद्रं ते यस्ते मनसि वर्तते ॥ ईश्वर उवाच ॥ सर्वगस्त्वं हि देवेश मया ज्ञातं सुनिश्चितम् ॥

«Elige un don—bienaventuranza para ti—cualquiera que habite en tu mente.» Dijo Īśvara: «Oh Señor de los dioses, tú eres en verdad omnipenetrante; esto lo sé con certeza.»

Verse 5

मथुरायां च देव त्वं क्षेत्रपालो भविष्यसि ॥ त्वयि दृष्टे महादेव मम क्षेत्रफलं भवेत् ॥

«Y en Mathurā, oh dios, serás el guardián del recinto sagrado. Al verte, oh Mahādeva, se obtendrá el fruto del mérito de mi región santa.»

Verse 6

अन्यथा नाप्नुयात् सिद्धिमेवं एतन्न संशयः ॥ येन यद्यादृशं पुण्यं कृतं तीर्थे प्रयत्नतः ॥

«De otro modo no se alcanzaría la perfección; así es, no hay duda. Por cualquier esfuerzo, cualquiera que sea el mérito producido en un vado de peregrinación (tīrtha) con diligencia…»

Verse 7

भजते मनुजः सिद्धिमात्मभावेन तादृशीम् ॥ मम क्षेत्रप्रवेशे च भूमिः संसारनाशिनी ॥

El hombre alcanza tal logro mediante la disposición interior (ātmabhāva). Y al entrar en mi sagrado kṣetra, la tierra es llamada destructora de la atadura del saṃsāra.

Verse 8

मथुरायां च मे स्थानं सदा देव प्रदीयताम् ॥ देवदेव वचः श्रुत्वा हरिर्वचनमब्रवीत् ॥

Y en Mathurā, que siempre me sea concedida una morada, oh dios. Al oír las palabras del dios de los dioses, Hari respondió con su palabra.

Verse 9

इन्द्रस्यैव पुरी रम्या यथा नाकेऽमरावती ॥ जम्बूद्वीपे तथोत्कृष्टा मथुरा मम वल्लभा ॥

Así como la encantadora ciudad de Indra en el cielo es Amarāvatī, así también en Jambūdvīpa, Mathurā —amada por mí— es la más excelsa.

Verse 10

न मया कथितं देवि ब्रह्मणश्च महात्मनः ॥ रुद्रस्य न मया पूर्वं कथितं च वसुन्धरे ॥

No lo he dicho, oh diosa, ni siquiera al magnánimo Brahmā; ni antes lo dije tampoco a Rudra, oh Vasundharā.

Verse 11

मया सुगोपितं पूर्वं गुह्याद्गुह्यतरं परम् ॥ अत्र क्षेत्रे पुरी रम्या सर्वरत्नविभूषिता ॥

Antes lo guardé muy bien: más secreto que lo secreto, supremo. En este kṣetra sagrado hay una ciudad encantadora, adornada con toda clase de joyas.

Verse 12

तस्यां तिष्ठन्ति तीर्थानि तानि वक्ष्यामि तच्छृणु ॥ षष्टिकोटिसहस्राणि षष्टिकोटिशतानि च ॥

En esa región están establecidos los vados sagrados (tīrthas); los declararé: escucha. Su número es sesenta koṭis de millares, y también sesenta koṭis de centenas.

Verse 13

तीर्थसंख्या च वसुधे मथुरायां मयोदिता ॥ गोवर्द्धनं तथाक्रूरं द्वे कोटी दक्षिणोत्तरे ॥

Y el cómputo de los tīrthas, oh Tierra (Vasudhā), ha sido declarado por mí para Mathurā. En cuanto a Govardhana y también Ākrūra: dos koṭis, en las regiones del sur y del norte.

Verse 14

प्रस्कन्दनं च भाण्डीरं कुरुक्षेत्रसमानि षट् ॥ पुण्यात्पुण्यतरं श्रेष्ठमेतद्विश्रान्तिसंज्ञकम् ॥

Y Praskandana y Bhāṇḍīra: seis (tīrthas) comparables a Kurukṣetra. Superior, más meritorio que lo meritorio, esto es conocido con el nombre de «Viśrānti».

Verse 15

असिकुण्डं सवैकुण्ठं कोटितीर्थोत्तमं स्मृतम् ॥ अविमुक्तं सोमतीर्थं यमनं तिन्दुकं ततः ॥

Asikuṇḍa, Savaikuṇṭha y Koṭitīrtha: éstos son recordados como los más excelsos. (También) Avimukta, Somatīrtha, Yamana y luego Tinduka.

Verse 16

चक्रतीर्थं तथाक्रूरं द्वादशादित्यसंज्ञितम् ॥ एतत्पुण्यं पवित्रं च महापातकनाशनम् ॥

Chakratīrtha, y asimismo Ākrūra, recibe la designación de «Dvādaśāditya». Esto es meritorio y purificador, y se describe como destructor de grandes transgresiones.

Verse 17

कुरुक्षेत्राच्छतगुणं मथुरायां न संशयः ॥ ये पठन्ति महाभागाः शृण्वन्ति च समाहिताः ॥

En Mathurā, el mérito es cien veces mayor que en Kurukṣetra, sin duda. Los afortunados que recitan (este relato) y los que lo escuchan con mente recogida—

Verse 18

मथुरायास्तु माहात्म्यं ते यान्ति परमं पदम् ॥ कुलानि ते तारयन्ति द्वे शते विंशयोर् द्वयोः ॥

Pero en cuanto a la grandeza de Mathurā: alcanzan el estado supremo. Y además hacen cruzar (salvan) a sus linajes: doscientos y dos veces veinte (generaciones).

Verse 19

एतत्ते कथितं देवि सर्वपातकनाशनम् ॥ तीर्थानां चैव माहात्म्यं किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

Esto te ha sido expuesto, oh Diosa, como destructor de toda falta; y también la grandeza de los tīrthas. ¿Qué más deseas oír?

Verse 20

विंशतिर्योजनानां हि माठुरं मम मण्डलम् ॥ पदे पदेऽश्वमेधानां फलं नात्र विचारणा ॥

En verdad, mi dominio de Mathurā se extiende por veinte yojanas. A cada paso está el fruto de los sacrificios Aśvamedha; aquí no hay discusión al respecto.

Verse 21

एतन्मरणकाले तु यः स्मरेत्प्रयतो नरः ॥ स गच्छेत्परामां सिद्धिमिह संसारनाशिनीम् ॥

Pero quien, con disciplina, lo recuerde en la hora de la muerte, alcanzará aquí la suprema siddhi, la que destruye el ciclo del saṃsāra.

Inside Adhyaya 168

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Pṛthivī asks Varāha who stands as Mathurā’s protector (kṣetrapāla) and what puṇya arises from seeing (darśana) him within the kṣetra.

  2. Central event

    Varāha identifies the guardian as Bhūtapati—Hara/Rudra—whose presence in Mathurā makes the kṣetra’s fruits readily accessible; he then narrates how Hara, after a thousand-year tapas, received a boon and asked for a permanent abode in Mathurā.

  3. Climax resolution

    The boon is granted as a territorial appointment: Hara becomes the fixed kṣetrapāla of the Māthura-maṇḍala; Varāha elevates Mathurā as a saṃsāra-cutting space where entry and proper encounter mediate liberation, then defines the sacred extent (about 20 yojanas) and discloses a guarded catalog of tīrthas to regulate movement through the sacral landscape.

  4. Closing phalashruti

    No explicit, formal phalaśruti formula is indicated in the provided summary; the chapter’s operative ‘phalā’ is embedded as repeated claims that darśana of Bhūtapati in Mathurā removes sin and grants the kṣetra’s benefits, and that kṣetra-praveśa itself is saṃsāra-nāśinī.

Geographical context

Mathurā (māthura-maṇḍala, 20 yojanas); Amarāvatī (as a comparative heavenly city); Jambūdvīpa; Govardhana; Akrūra-tīrtha/Akrūra; Praskandana; Bhāṇḍīra (Bhāṇḍīravaṭa region implied); Kurukṣetra (as a comparative tīrtha); Asikuṇḍa; Vaikuṇṭha (as a named tīrtha: Savaikuṇṭha); Avimukta; Soma-tīrtha; Yamana; Tinduka; Chakra-tīrtha; Dvādaśāditya-tīrtha.

Tirtha focus

  • Primary TirthaMathurā (Māthura-maṇḍala) with Bhūtapati/Hara as kṣetrapāla
  • Associated RegionMathurā / Braj (Māthura-maṇḍala; within Jambūdvīpa framing)
  • Pilgrimage MeritDarśana of Bhūtapati in Mathurā is said to destroy sin and confer the kṣetra’s full religious fruit; entry into the Māthura-kṣetra is framed as saṃsāra-nāśinī (world-transcending), and knowledge of boundaries/tīrthas functions as a guide for ethically ‘correct’ pilgrimage movement.

Ritual instructions

  • Primary RitualKṣetrapāla-darśana in Mathurā (seeing/approaching Bhūtapati/Hara as guardian before engaging the kṣetra)
  • BenefitRemoval of pāpa (sin), access to Mathurā’s kṣetra-phala through the guardian’s darśana, and participation in a liberative geography where kṣetra-entry is portrayed as saṃsāra-nāśinī.

The narrative frame

  • Varāha (Viṣṇu in boar form)Pṛthivī (Earth) · Didactic and revelatory (tīrtha-māhātmya disclosure framed as formerly guarded/guhya knowledge)

The emotional journey

  • Dominant RasaŚānta (with devotional awe toward the kṣetra and its guardian)
  • Emotional ProgressionInquiry and curiosity (Pṛthivī) → authoritative identification of the guardian and promise of sin-removal → mythic validation via tapas-and-boon episode → expansion into sacred cartography and boundary-definition → settled reverence toward regulated pilgrimage knowledge.

Planning a pilgrimage

  • Visit FeasibilityHighly feasible: Mathura–Vrindavan–Govardhan circuit is well-developed with road/rail access; many named sites correspond to the broader Braj region, though some tīrtha-identifications may be traditional/local rather than archaeologically fixed.
  • Best SeasonOctober–March (cooler months for Braj yātrā)
  • Modern Location NameMathura, Uttar Pradesh, India (Braj region; Mathura–Vrindavan–Govardhan area)
  • Related FestivalKārttika month observances in Braj; Janmāṣṭamī (Mathurā); Holī (Braj)

Frequently Asked Questions

The chapter frames sacred territory as an ethical landscape: the text instructs that mindful approach to a kṣetra (Mathurā) and encounter (darśana) with its guardian-deity mediates access to the kṣetra’s benefits. It also depicts knowledge of place (tīrtha cataloging and boundaries) as a regulated disclosure (guhya), implying responsible movement through and valuation of terrestrial space.

No tithi, nakṣatra, māsa, or seasonal observance is specified in the provided verses. The only explicit temporal marker is a mythic duration—"varṣa-sahasra" (a thousand years) of tapas—used to ground the narrative of boon-granting and the establishment of the kṣetrapāla.

Through the Varāha–Pṛthivī frame, the text treats Earth as a morally charged domain where certain regions are described as saṃsāra-nāśinī (world-negating/world-transcending) by entry itself. By defining Mathurā’s extent (maṇḍala) and enumerating its tīrthas, it models an early form of ‘terrestrial stewardship’ discourse: the land is mapped, valued, and approached via rules of encounter (darśana) and guardianship (kṣetrapāla), reinforcing careful, non-random engagement with place.

The chapter references deities as principal figures rather than human dynasties: Bhūtapati/Hara/Rudra (as the guardian), Indra (via Amarāvatī as a comparison), Brahmā (as a figure to whom the knowledge was not previously disclosed), and Viṣṇu/Varāha as narrator. No royal lineages, named sages, or administrative genealogies appear in the provided passage.

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