Rig Veda 8.73.1: Mandala 8, Sukta 73, Mantra 1
Sukta 8.73
Rishi: Atri (probable, as the hymn repeatedly references Atraye; traditional attribution to Atri or Atris in Aśvin hymns)
Devata: Aśvins
Chandas: Gāyatrī (probable: short refrain-like structure; exact meter requires full hymn scan)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
उदीराथामृतायते युञ्जाथामश्विना रथम् । अन्ति षद्भूतु वामवः ॥
Transliteration
udī́rāthām ṛtāyate yuñjā́thām aśvinā rátham | ánti ṣád bhūtu vām ávaḥ ||
Translation
Alzaos por el que busca la Verdad; uncid vuestro carro, oh Aśvines. Cerca, que vuestro auxilio tome asiento en nosotros.
Word by Word
उदीराथाम्raise up / set in motion (you two)!
उदीराथाम्:
क्रिया (मुख्यक्रिया); कर्ता: (युवाम्) अश्विनौ
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-ईर् (ईर्/ईरय्) धातु
अमृतायते(for the one) striving for immortality / seeking the immortal
अमृतायते:
सम्प्रदाय/प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य-सम्बन्धः) — ‘अमृताय’ (for immortality) as goal
TypeVerb
Rootअमृताय (प्रातिपदिकम्: अमृत + -ाय; denom.)
युञ्जाथाम्yoke (you two)!
युञ्जाथाम्:
क्रिया (मुख्यक्रिया); कर्ता: (युवाम्) अश्विनौ
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् धातु (युजँ समाधौ/योजने) + (वि)युज् ‘to yoke’
अश्विनाO Aśvins (you two)!
अश्विना:
सम्बोधन (addressed agents of the imperatives)
TypeNoun (dual vocative)
Rootअश्विन् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
रथम्the chariot
रथम्:
कर्म (object of युञ्जाथाम्)
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिकम्)
अन्तिnear / close
अन्ति:
अधिकरण (स्थान-निर्देशः: ‘near/close by’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्ति (अव्ययम्)
सत्sitting / seated
सत्:
विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण-भावः (with भूतु: ‘let it be sitting/let it sit’)
TypeParticiple (verbal adjective)
Rootसद् धातु (षदँ विशरणे/उपवेशने) → सत् (वर्तमानकृदन्त)
भूतुlet it be
भूतु:
क्रिया (आशीर्वचन/विधिलिङ्गार्थः): ‘let it be’
TypeVerb
Rootभू धातु (भू सत्तायाम्)
वाम्of you two / for you two
वाम्:
सम्बन्ध/सम्प्रदान (gen./dat. ‘of/for you two’)
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम)
अवःhelp / aid
अवः:
कर्ता (of भूतु) — ‘your help’ as subject
TypeNoun
Rootअवस् (प्रातिपदिकम्)
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