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Rig Veda 1.72.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 72, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.72

Rishi: Madhucchandā Vaiśvāmitra (traditional for RV 1.72)
Devata: Agni (hymn-level); verse foregrounds Saramā and the Seven (often linked with seven rays/seers)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स्वाध्यो दिव आ सप्त यह्वी रायो दुरो व्यृतज्ञा अजानन् । विदद्गव्यं सरमा दृळ्हमूर्वं येना नु कं मानुषी भोजते विट् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.72.8
Transliteration

svā́dhyo divá ā́ saptá yahvī́ rāyó dúro vy ṛtá-jñā ajānan | vídad gavyáṃ sarámā dṛḷhám ū́rvaṃ yéna nú kaṃ mā́nuṣī bhójate víṭ ||

Translation

Dueñas de sí mismas, las siete poderosas (yahvī) del Cielo conocieron y, llevando la verdad, abrieron de par en par las puertas de la abundancia (rāyaḥ). Saramā halló el cercado firmemente cerrado de la Luz — por el cual ahora la comunidad humana alcanza su parte de gozo y sustento.

Word by Word
स्वाध्यःself-impelled / acting by its own power
स्वाध्यः:
Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाधि- (प्रातिपदिक; स्व + आधि/धा ‘स्वे धीयते/स्वाध्य’)
दिवःof heaven
दिवः:
Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक ‘heaven’)
आtowards, unto
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
सप्तseven
सप्त:
Kartā (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे संख्याविशेषणम्)
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
यह्वीःthe swift/impetuous (fem.) ones
यह्वीः:
Kartā
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootयह्वी- (प्रातिपदिक)
रायःof wealth
रायः:
Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootराय्/रायि- (प्रातिपदिक ‘wealth’)
दुरःdoors, gates
दुरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वर्/द्वार- (प्रातिपदिक ‘door, gate’)
विapart, asunder
वि:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवि (उपसर्ग)
ऋतज्ञाःknowers of ṛta (cosmic order)
ऋतज्ञाः:
Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootऋत- + ज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘knowing ṛta’)
अजानन्they knew / recognized
अजानन्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा (जानाति)
विदत्she found
विदत्:
—
TypeVerb
Root√विद् (विन्दति ‘finds’)
गव्यम्the bovine (treasure), cattle(-wealth)
गव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootगव्य- (प्रातिपदिक; गो-सम्बन्धि)
सरमाSaramā
सरमा:
Kartā
TypeProper Noun
Rootसरमा- (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)
दृळ्हम्firm, fast
दृळ्हम्:
Karma (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदृळ्ह- (प्रातिपदिक; √दृंह्/दृढ् ‘make firm’)
ऊर्वम्enclosure, pen (cave-like stall)
ऊर्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्व- (प्रातिपदिक ‘enclosure, pen; cavern’)
येनby which
येन:
Karaṇa
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
नुnow, indeed
नु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (निपात)
कम्whom? / someone (indef.)
कम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootक (प्रश्न/अनिश्चित-सर्वनाम)
मानुषीa human (female), human
मानुषी:
Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुषी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘human’)
भोजतेenjoys, partakes
भोजते:
—
TypeVerb
Root√भुज् (भुनक्ति/भुङ्क्ते ‘enjoy, partake’)
विट्the clansman/settler (member of the viś)
विट्:
Kartā (apposition/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविट्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘settler, clansman; viś-man’)
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