
Rishi: Traditionally Atharvanic/Angirasa attribution for Rātri-protection hymns (needs padapāṭha-anukramaṇī confirmation for 19.50).
Devata: Rātri (Night), as guardian and remover of dangers
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable; verify by syllable count in the anukramaṇī tradition)
Mantra 1
रात्रिः। अध रात्रि तृष्टधूममशीर्षाणमहिं कृणु । अक्षौ वृकस्य निर्जह्यास्तेन तं द्रुपदे जहि
Night! Now, O Night, make the serpent smoke-choked, make him headless. Tear out the wolf’s two eyes; smite that thief with the wooden fetter, in the stocks.
Mantra 2
ये ते रात्र्यनड्वाहस्तीक्ष्णशृङ्गाः स्वाशवः । तेभिर्नो अद्य पारयाति दुर्गाणि विश्वहा
Those oxen of thine, O Night, sharp-horned and of good speed—by them do thou to-day bear us across, beyond all difficult passes, for evermore.
Mantra 3
रात्रिंरात्रिमरिष्यन्तस्तरेम तन्वा वयम्। गम्भीरमप्लवा इव न तरेयुररातयः
Night after night, unperishing, may we pass over with our very bodies; but the hostile, like men without a boat upon the deep, may they not pass across.
Mantra 4
यथा शाम्याकः प्रपतन्नपवान् नानुविद्यते । एवा रात्रि प्र पातय यो अस्मां अभ्यघायति
As a śāmyāka, hurled forth and wind-driven, is not found again—so, O Night, drive far away, cast down, him who deviseth evil against us.
Mantra 5
अप स्तेनं वासो गोअजमुत तस्करम्। अथो यो अर्वतः शिरोऽभिधाय निनीषति
Away the thief—away the robber of garment, of cow and goat; yea, and him who, seizing the horse by the head, would fain lead it off.
Mantra 6
यदद्या रात्रि सुभगे विभजन्त्ययो वसु । यदेतदस्मान् भोजय यथेदन्यानुपायसि
What wealth of metal they apportion to-day, O Night, thou gracious one—therewith do thou make us to have enjoyment, even as thou art wont to draw near unto others.
Mantra 7
उषसे नः परि देहि सर्वान् रात्र्यनागसः । उषा नो अह्ने आ भजादहस्तुभ्यं विभावरि
O Dawn, encompass and bestow on us—on all of us—sinlessness against the Night. Let Dawn apportion us unto the Day; this day is for thee, O far-radiant One.
It is used for night-time protection—safe passage through dangers, guarding the house and animals, and repelling thieves and predators.
These are forceful protective images: the ‘oxen’ symbolize Night’s strong escorts, the wolf/serpent represent nocturnal threats, and drupada symbolizes restraining or immobilizing the wrongdoer.
Traditionally at dusk as night begins, or whenever there is fear of theft, predation, or unsafe travel during the night.