Rig Veda Sukta 23
Mandala 9Sukta 236 Mantras

Sukta 23

Sukta 9.23

Rishi

Uncertain/Traditional: Soma Pavamāna seers

Devata

Soma Pavamāna

Himne Soma Pavamāna ini memuji Soma yang lincah, mengalirkan manis bak madu, ketika ia dimurnikan dan dibiarkan mengalir, membangunkan puisi ilham (kāvya) serta menegakkan kekuatan pada sang pelaksana yajña. Soma dirayakan sebagai pembawa daya Indra (indriya rasa): ketika Indra meminum ekstase ini, ia berulang kali menaklukkan kekuatan Vṛtra yang menghalangi; sementara Soma juga melindungi pemuja dari ujaran bermusuhan dan serangan.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 9.23

Mantras

Mantra 1

सोमा असृग्रमाशवो मधोर्मदस्य धारया । अभि विश्वानि काव्या ॥

Soma-soma yang tangkas telah mengalir keluar dalam arus ekstasi yang bermadu; mereka bergerak meliputi segala karya ilham (kāvya), membangunkan kebenaran puitik yang tersembunyi di dalamnya.

Mantra 2

अनु प्रत्नास आयवः पदं नवीयो अक्रमुः । रुचे जनन्त सूर्यम् ॥

Mengikuti para leluhur purba, para pencari yang hidup melangkah menuju kedudukan yang lebih baru; dari cahaya yang berkilau mereka melahirkan Surya—cahaya-kebenaran yang terjaga di dalam.

Mantra 4

अभि सोमास आयवः पवन्ते मद्यं मदम् । अभि कोशं मधुश्चुतम् ॥

Soma-soma, daya-daya yang merindu, memurnikan diri dan mengalir menuju madya—mabuk suci yang diminum; mengalir menuju kośa, bejana yang meneteskan madu.

Mantra 5

सोमो अर्षति धर्णसिर्दधान इन्द्रियं रसम् । सुवीरो अभिशस्तिपाः ॥

Soma mengalir deras, sebagai dharṇasi—landasan penopang—membawa rasa, sari-kekuatan Indra; ia menganugerahkan su-vīra (kepahlawanan mulia) dan melindungi kami dari kata-kata bermusuhan dan serangan.

Mantra 6

इन्द्राय सोम पवसे देवेभ्यः सधमाद्यः । इन्दो वाजं सिषाससि ॥

Bagi Indra engkau mengalir, wahai Soma; bagi para Dewa sebagai sukacita bersama dalam perjamuan mereka. Wahai Indu, engkau menggerakkan Vāja—kelimpahan daya dan pertumbuhan kemenangan—di dalam kami.

Mantra 7

अस्य पीत्वा मदानामिन्द्रो वृत्राण्यप्रति । जघान जघनच्च नु ॥

Setelah meminum dari ekstasi-ekstasi ini, Indra menumbangkan Vṛtra-Vṛtra yang tak tertandingi dalam perlawanan; ia telah menumbangkan mereka, dan bahkan kini ia terus menumbangkan.

Inside Sukta 23

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Soma begins as swift streams flowing forth in a honeyed current, moving over and awakening all inspired works (kāvya).

  2. Development

    The hymn develops Soma’s role as support and as the carrier of Indra’s essential force (indriya rasa), granting heroism and protection from hostile speech and assault.

  3. Climax

    Indra, empowered by drinking Soma’s ecstasies, smites the Vṛtras—obstructions—again and again, presenting victory as an ongoing reality.

  4. Where it settles

    The flow of purified Soma is affirmed as sustaining power and protection for the worshipper, leaving the rite oriented toward strength, clarity, and guarded speech.

The deity: Soma Pavamāna

  • In the VedaSoma is the pressed and filtered sacred drink, praised as swift (āśu), honey-like (madhu), ecstatic (mada), and as a flowing stream (dhārā) that animates inspired speech and sacred work (kāvya). In this hymn he is also the support (dharṇasi) and a protector from hostile utterance (abhiśasti-pāḥ), while empowering Indra to destroy Vṛtra.
  • Cosmic functionMediator of vitality and victory: Soma renews life-force, strengthens the gods—especially Indra—and drives away obstructive powers, enabling the cosmic order to move freely.
  • Inner significanceThe clarified Soma symbolizes purified consciousness and concentrated delight/energy: when refined, it becomes inspiration, courage, and the power to break inner resistance (vṛtra) such as inertia, fear, and negativity.

Famous verses

सोमा असृग्रमाशवो मधोर्मदस्य धारया । अभि विश्वानि काव्या ॥
Verse 9.23.1Sets the hymn’s keynote: Soma’s swift, honey-like flow and his awakening of inspired poetic truth (kāvya), linking ritual purification with revelation.Read verse 9.23.1 →
सोमो अर्षति धर्णसिर्दधान इन्द्रियं रसम् । सुवीरो अभिशस्तिपाः ॥
Verse 9.23.5Highlights Soma as dharṇasi (support/foundation) bearing Indra’s force-essence (indriya rasa), and as protector from abhiśasti (hostile speech).Read verse 9.23.5 →
अस्य पीत्वा मदानामिन्द्रो वृत्राण्यप्रति । जघान जघनच्च नु ॥
Verse 9.23.7States the classic Indra-Soma dynamic: Indra drinks Soma’s ecstasies and repeatedly destroys Vṛtra-like resistances—mythic victory as continual overcoming.Read verse 9.23.7 →

Attributes of the deity

  • pavamāna (self-purifying/being purified)
  • āśu (swift-flowing)
  • madhu/mada (honeyed ecstasy)
  • dhārā (streaming current)
  • indriya-rasa bearer (carrier of Indra-force)
  • protector from abhiśasti (hostile speech/curse)

Also by this seer

  • Attribution by genre to the Soma Pavamāna corpus of Rig Veda Mandala 9 (multiple hymns addressed to Soma in the context of pressing and purification).
  • Linked in ritual usage to Soma-stotras and recitations in Soma sacrifices (e.g., Agniṣṭoma framework), though not a separate later text.

The rite, step by step

  • Press Soma stalks and collect the expressed juice.
  • Filter/purify through woolen strainer (pavitra), guiding the flow with stotra/śastra recitation.
  • Mix/prepare Soma according to rite (often with water; sometimes with milk/curds in related settings) and set in vessels.
  • Offer libations to the deities—chiefly Soma and Indra (Indra-Soma complex)—into the sacred fire.
  • Distribute/partake as ritually appropriate, praying for vigor, inspired speech, and removal of obstacles.
  • Conclude with protective intentions against hostile speech and harm (abhiśasti).

Offerings

  • Purified Soma juice (libation)
  • Ghee and accompanying oblations customary to Soma rites
  • Ritual speech (stotra/śastra) as an offering of inspiration (kāvya)

Frequently Asked Questions

The main deity is Soma Pavamāna—Soma as he is pressed and purified. Indra also appears because Soma empowers Indra’s victories.

It refers to Soma “being purified” as the juice flows through the filter. The hymn treats this purified flow as sacred energy that brings inspiration, strength, and protection.

It shows Soma’s function as a power-giver: when Indra drinks Soma, he gains the force to break obstructions (Vṛtra). Symbolically, it is the overcoming of resistance through clarified energy and focus.

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