Rig Veda 8.23.13: Mandala 8, Sukta 23, Mantra 13
Sukta 8.23
Rishi: Viśvāmitra (attributed tradition; uncertain)
Devata: Agni
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यद्वा उ विश्पतिः शितः सुप्रीतो मनुषो विशि । विश्वेदग्निः प्रति रक्षांसि सेधति ॥
Transliteration
yádvā u viśpátiḥ śitáḥ su-prī́to mánuṣo viśí | víśved agníḥ práti rákṣāṃsi sédhati ||
Translation
Setiap kali sang viśpati, yang tajam dan berkenan, ditegakkan di tengah kaum-kaum manusia, Agni sungguh menghalau balik segala kekuatan permusuhan—para rakṣas—yang membawa penyimpangan dan kegelapan.
Word by Word
यद्when/if; since
यद्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (relative particle)
Rootयद् (यद्-प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (निपात)
उindeed; surely
उ:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
विश्पतिःlord of the clan/settlement (Agni)
विश्पतिः:
Kartā
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootविश् + पति (प्रातिपदिक: विश्पति-)
शितःsharpened; keen
शितः:
Kartā (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective (past passive participle)
Rootशि (धातु) → शित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; PPP)
सुप्रीतःwell-pleased; very gracious
सुप्रीतः:
Kartā (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective (past passive participle)
Rootसु + प्री (धातु) → सुप्रीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; PPP)
मनुषःof Manu; of man/humankind
मनुषः:
सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootमनु (प्रातिपदिक: मनुष-)
विशिin the clan/settlement
विशि:
Adhikaraṇa
TypeNoun
Rootविश् (प्रातिपदिक: विश्-)
विश्वेall
विश्वे:
Karma
TypeAdjective/Pronoun-like adjective
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
इद्indeed; just
इद्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइद् (निपात)
अग्निःAgni (fire-god)
अग्निः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
प्रतिagainst; toward
प्रति:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/adposition)
Rootप्रति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
रक्षांसिdemons; harmful spirits (rakṣasas)
रक्षांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
सेधतिrepels; keeps off; prevents
सेधति:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootसिध्/सेध् (धातु: √सेध् ‘to ward off, repel, prevent’)
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